ABSTRACT
The study investigates the impact of small and medium scale industries on
the Nigerian economy, spanning from 1986 to 2010. The study adopted
Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Linear Specification model. Using unit root
test, the work shows that small scale industries significantly contributed to
the economic growth in Nigeria despite poor funding by commercial banks.
The work recommends among others that government should improve its
monetary policies so as to reduce to an acceptable level, the rate of
interests charged by commercial banks as well as encouraging rural based
industrialization, whereby investors are encouraged to establish small and
medium scale industries that would be based entirely on local raw
materials, machines and equipments.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE – – – – – – – – i
APPROVAL PAGE – – – – – – – – ii
DEDICATION – – – – – – – – iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT – – – – – – – iv
ABSTRACT – – – – – – – – – vi
TABLE OF CONTENT – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY – – – – 2
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM – – – – 8
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY – – – – 9
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS – – – – 10
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY – – – – 10
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY – – 11
viii
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – – 12
2.1 THEORITICAL LITERATURE – – – – – 12
2.2 EMPIRICAL LITERATURE – – – – – 14
2.3 LIMITATION OF PRECIOUS STUDIES – – – 41
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY – – – – – 49
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN – – – – – – 49
3.2 METHODOLOGY – – – – – – – 49
3.3 MODEL SPECIFICATION – – – – – 50
3.4 METHOD OF EVALUATION – – – – – 52
3.5 DATA REQUIRED AND SOURCE/SOFTWARE PACKAGE 55
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULT – – 56
4.1 PRESENTATION OF REGRESSION RESULT – – 56
4.2 RESULT INTERPRETATION – – – – – 58
ix
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION – 70
5.1 SUMMARY – – – – – – – – 70
5.2 CONCLUSION – – – – – – – 70
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – – 72
BIBLIOGRAPHY – – – – – – – 74
APPENDIX
x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
In recent time, the fortune of small scale and medium scale
Industries attracted the attention of government world-wide and thus has
been the focus of general interest and research, especially in developing
Countries due to the importance of small scale and medium scale
Industries.
Their importance cannot be over emphasized as they constitute a
whole virile vehicle for the generation of vast production of outputs and job
creation. They are also act as catalyst for restructuring and diversifying the
productive base of an economy and for the Industrial economy and for the
Industrial economy take-off and growth of such an economy. The small
and medium scale Industries are seen to hold the key to future expansion
of the Industrial sector.
xi
In Nigeria, evidence has shown that in 1986, small scale and medium
scale Industries accounted for 70% of all firms, employing millions of
Nigerians (first Bank of Nigeria report, 1987). By the end of 1979, over
80% of all establishments licensed under the factory act were small and
medium scale Industries (Onwuala, 1987). This made the importance of
this economic unit to be unelectable.
Small scale and medium scale Industry in its widest sense implies the
urgent response to the challenges of developing countries, of which Nigeria
is not an exception. Small and medium scale Industries should be practiced
with due regards to the importance of available local raw materials in its
environs because the challenges facing small and medium scale
Industrialist are enormous.
The importance of small and medium scale Industries to the
economic development of any country, whether developing or developed,
have been widely acknowledged and acclaimed. They are considered as
there stimulate to private ownership and entrepreneurial skills, generate
employment, promote industrial dispersal and rural- urban migration.
xii
Clive carpenter (2001), said that across the world, small businesses
are crucial for economic growth, poverty alleviation and wealth creation.
Uayatudeen (2001) said that across the world, small businesses have
such a crucial role to play in the development of an economy and that
cannot be ignored. According to William and David, most firms and
small and medium scale Industries are compared with companies that
economist usually study. But economists have concentrated on large scale
Industries. The leading textbooks in economics have title discussions on
small and medium scale business or entrepreneurs.
The partial combinations of small and medium scale Industries on the
Nigerian economy are; creation of wealth, poverty eradication and
employment generation as encapsulated in the national economic
empowerment development strategies (NEEDS)
However small and medium scale Industries are bedeviled by
numerous challenges which have hampered its development and growth
and also its combination to national development. To this end, government
has instituted various programs to address the challenges and constraints
xiii
facing small and medium scale industries growth. The programs and
institutions Include:
a. Setting up and founding of industrial estates.
b. Establishment of national directorate of employment (NSE)
c. Establishment of the Nigerian bank of commerce and industry (NBC),
the national economic re-construction fund (NERFUND),the Nigerian
Industrial bank (NIDB) which has merged in to one agency in the
bank of industry, the world assisted small scale enterprises loan
scheme (SNEX), the Nigerian export and import bank (NEXIN) etc.
d. Setting up a small and medium scale enterprises development agency
of Nigerian (SMEDAN); an agency which Co. ordinates development
in small business sector.
Unfortunately, all these formal credit schemes have not been able to
adequately address the fundamental problems which have constrained
small scale enterprises access to credit; and any other enterprise
establishing a small and medium scale industry requires capital to take off
survive and eventually expand.
xiv
Nigeria’s major manufacturers produce food and beverages,
cigarettes, textiles and clothing, soaps and detergents, footwear, wood
products, motor vehicle parts, chemical products and metals while small
and medium scale manufacturing engage in leather making, poultry making
and wood carving. The smaller industries are often organized in craft
guides involving particular families who pass the skill from generation to
generation.
People have lived in what is now known as Nigeria since at least
9000BC, evidence indicated that since at least 5000BC, some of them have
practiced settled agriculture. In the early (centuries (AD), kingdoms
emerged in the drier northern savanna, prospering from trade with north
Africa. At roughly the same time, the western and southern forested areas
yielded city- state and looser federations sustained by agriculture and
coastal trade. These systems changed radically with the arrival of the
Europeans in the late 15th century, the rise of the slave era in the 16th
Century through the 19th Century. Nigeria achieved independence in the
xv
1960, but has since been plagued by an unequal distribution of wealth and
inflation.
The first well documented kingdom was the Yoruba kingdom, which
was observed between the 11th
-12th centuries. Over the next few
centuries, they spread their political and spiritual influence beyond the
borders of its small city states. Its artisans were highly skilled, producing
among other things, bronze castings of heads in a very naturalistic style.
Terra- cotta, wood and Ivory were the common media instruments used.
Shortly after the 12th century, the kingdom of Benin emerged in the
mid-western south region. Although it was separate from the Yoruba
kingdoms; Benin legends claim that the kingdoms first rulers were
descendant from an Ife prince. By the 15th century, the Benin kingdom was
large, wood designing was what sustained the city’s trade (both within the
region and later with Europe). Its legacy includes a wealth of elaborate
bronze plagues and statues recording the nation’s history and glorifying its
rulers.
xvi
From the above paragraphs, it can be noted that small and medium
scale industries are indeed necessary for the development of any economy.
Small and medium scale industries act as the major stepping stone to
economic growth. In Nigeria today, small and medium scale industries are
common but have no efficiently achieved or attained her goals.
Therefore, to encourage local businessmen and institutions in buying
small and medium sized businesses, the government established the
Nigerian bank for industry and commerce, which had an initial operating
capital of 50 million naira. There was some concern in Nigeria that
Nigerians might not be able to raise enough capital to take over the foreign
owned businesses affected by the decree and that there might not be
enough Nigerians with the technical and managerial skills necessary to
replace extricate personnel.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The small and medium scale Industries survey conducted in 2005 by
the central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) provides some evidence that apart from
the acute short of technology, managerial skills, poor management,
xvii
adverse environment, and change in policy, capital is a source of great
concern to the entrepreneur in the sector. Since one of the microeconomic
goals of the Nigerian government is economic growth, we can assume that
the government aims at the expansion of small firms.
In a continent where finance is a major constraint on development,
the problem confronting the private sector in Nigeria above all small and
medium scales Industries standout.
Most large scale industries in Nigeria have reduced their borrowings
due to high interest rates and the short term nature of available loans. At
the same time, banks are unwilling to lend to the small and medium scale
sector with its high perceived rises. In this case, lending is not efficient to
the real sector and loanable funds are currently used to finance primary
consumer imports and to separate in foreign exchange markets. The
research question from the above experience is thus; will small and
medium scale contribute much to economic growth in Nigeria when they
are not properly funded.
xviii
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.
The aim of this research work is to examine the importance of small
and medium scale industries on the Nigerian economy in order to ascertain
how small and medium scale is utilized in production using the available
raw materials and resources with a view to achieve gradual formalization in
the guest for national industrialization. Meanwhile, the specific objectives
are:
a. To determine the impact of small and medium scale enterprises.
b. To examine the effect of small and medium scale enterprises.
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS.
For the purpose of this study, the research developed the following
hypothesis.
Ho: Small and medium scale industries are not catalyst for economic
development and growth in Nigeria.
xix
Hi: Small and medium scale industries are catalyst for economic
development and growth in Nigeria.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study is to establish an extent of growth and
development and to expose the immense benefit derivable from small and
medium scale industries.
Also, this study will help to redress the belief of the society that small
and medium scale industries can bring about economic and development in
Nigeria.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY.
The study encompasses the roles and contributions of small and
medium scale industries on the Nigeria economy from 1986-2010. The
basis of covering this period of time is to ascertain whether there have
been any significant impacts of small and medium scale industries on the
xx
Nigerian economy. And also, this study does not consider the medium and
large scale industries.
In writing this project, the researcher encountered some limitations,
which were; lack of information from appropriate quarter, time constraints,
transportation, lack of funds, power outrage etc. However, in spite of all
the odds, the researcher was able to come out with a standard work. The
project However, contains information which in reliable and authentic.
DISCLAIMER: All project works, files and documents posted on this website, eProjectTopics.com are the property/copyright of their respective owners. They are for research reference/guidance purposes only and some of the works may be crowd-sourced. Please don’t submit someone’s work as your own to avoid plagiarism and its consequences. Use it as a reference/citation/guidance purpose only and not copy the work word for word (verbatim). The paper should be used as a guide or framework for your own paper. The contents of this paper should be able to help you in generating new ideas and thoughts for your own study. eProjectTopics.com is a repository of research works where works are uploaded for research guidance. Our aim of providing this work is to help you eradicate the stress of going from one school library to another in search of research materials. This is a legal service because all tertiary institutions permit their students to read previous works, projects, books, articles, journals or papers while developing their own works. This is where the need for literature review comes in. “What a good artist understands is that nothing comes from nowhere. The paid subscription on eProjectTopics.com is a means by which the website is maintained to support Open Education. If you see your work posted here by any means, and you want it to be removed/credited, please contact us with the web address link to the work. We will reply to and honour every request. Please notice it may take up to 24 – 48 hours to process your request.
