ABSTRACT
The 200W solar system was determined by load assessment, solar panel
number determination, battery requirement and then inverter sizing. A
complete solar panel rated at 200w was however purchased, together with 2 no.
150A solar battery, 1500W inverter and also 10A charge controller. These were
assembled together with necessary protective gadgets like cut out switches; to
give the 200W expected. The solar panel was mounted outside the building to
allow for maximum collection of sun energy. It is expected that the system will
help the department meet up with its office duties even when central power is
not available.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page …………………………………………………………………………i
Approval page……………………………………………………………………ii
Dedication ………………………………………………………………………iii
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………….iv
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….v
Table of content……………………………………………………………….vi
List of figures…………………………………………………………………….x
List of tables……………………………………………………………………xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Need for the project……………………………………………………….1
1.3 Scope of study……………………………………………………………1
1.4 Definition of terms……………………………………………………….2
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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The basics of solar power system……………………………………….4
2.2 Principle of solar panel………………………………………………….5
2.2.1 Estimating system out……………………………………………………6
2.2.2 Standard test conditions…………………………………………………6
2.2.3 Temperature……………………………………………………………….7
2.2.4 Dirt and dust………………………………………………………………7
2.2.5 Mismatch and wiring losses……………………………………………7
2.3 Solar charge controller…………………………………………………….8
2.4 Principle of inverter………………………………………………………9
2.4.1 Inverter sizing……………………………………………………………10
2.4.2 DC to AC conversion losses……………………………………………10
2.5 solar battery……………………………………………………………..11
2.5.1 Temperature effect…………………………………………………….12
2.5.2 Battery voltage………………………………………………………..12
2.5.3 Battery power conversion efficiency…………………………………13
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2.5.4 Monitoring and maintenance…………………………………………13
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM OPERATION
3.1 Block diagram of the system…………………………………………….14
3.2 System operation with block diagram………………..………………………15
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Load evaluation and power consumption table……………………… 16
4.1.1 Calculating power consumption………………………………………………………17
4.2 Battery sizing………………………………………………………….. ..18
4.3 Solar panel sizing……………………………………………………….20
4.3.1 Typical Pv electrical system types……………………………………..21
4.3.2 Solar array sizing worksheet…………………………………………22
CHAPTER FIVE: PROCUREMENT AND INSTALLATION
5.1 Procurement………………………………………………………………24
5.2 Determination of installation site………………………………………..25
5.2.1 Mounting options………………………………………………………25
ix
5.3 Installation procedure……………………………………………………26
CHAPTER SIX: TEST AND RESULT
6.1 Test and results…………………………………………………………..27
CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
7.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….29
7.2 Recommendation………………………………………………………30
7.3 Limitation…………………………………………………………………………………….30
Reference………………………………………………………………31
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Block diagram of system component………………………………….4
Figure 2.2 Solar Panel……………………………………………………………………….5
Figure 2.3 Solar Charge Controller……………………………………………………..8
Figure 2.4 An Inverter……………………………………………………………………….9
Figure 2.5 Solar Battery……………………………………………………………………11
Figure 3.1 Solar System Block Diagram…………………………………………….14
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Load evaluation and power consumption……………………………16
Table 4.2 Battery sizing worksheet………………………………………………………20
Table 4.3 Solar array sizing worksheet…………………………………..22
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
The general objective of the system is to provide efficiency, steadiness in
the use of power appliances, by ensuring continuous availability of power
supply even in the absence of mains. Uninterruptability of the system made it
possible to eliminate all suspense from mains outage during the execution of an
important and urgent assignment as may be required.
For better production of the system, the system was operated at a fully
charged condition of the battery.
The project was rated 200W of 220V and 50Hz. It was expected that at
this condition, it was favourable to carry load of the stipulated power. Loads of
low power factors are not helpful since they produce spikes. Overloading is not
potent to provide zero change over time and the inverter had LEDs which
indicates mains failure and battery discharge and system fault.
1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY
This solar power source makes it possible to provide a clean reliable
supply of alternative electricity free of sags or surges which could be found in
the line voltage frequency.
2
The solar power system (SPS) system achieved this by direct current from
solar panel and by rectifying the standard main supply, using the direct current
to charge the batteries and to provide clean alternative power by passing the
energy a filter system.
It has zero change over time and LEDs which indicates mains fail and
battery discharge level and it provides 100% protection against line noise,
spikes surges and audio frequency interference.
1.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Inverter unit: This unit converts a DC voltage into AC voltage with the
help of the inverter unit.
2. Automatic Control Unit: This provides all the required control needed to
meet up the objective of the whole system
3. Battery Unit: This is a secondary cell unit, capable of storing enough DC
voltage from either sun or AC main, of which is later converted to AC
voltage
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