TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – -i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – – -ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – – -iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – -iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – – -v
Table of contents – – – – – – – – – -vi
List of tables- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – xii
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – -xiii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – – – -1
1.2 Statement of the research problem – – – – – – -6
1.3 Objectives of the study – – – – – – – – -7
1.4 Significance of the Study – – – – – – – -7
1.5 Research Question – – – – – – – – -8
1.6 Research Hypothesis – – – – – – – – -9
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1.7 Operational definition of significant terms – – – – – -10
1.8 Delimitation/Scope – – – – – – – -11
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – -12
2.2 Review of concept- – – – – – – – – -12
2.2.1 Concept of radio in Nigeria – – – – – – – -13
2.2.2 Concept of history of vision Africa radio Umuahia – – – – -19
2.2.3 Concept of the role of radio in politics – – – – – -20
2.2.4 Concept of role of vision Africa radio in political mobilization of rural dwellers in
umuahia north L.G.A – – – – – – – – -22
2.3 Review of related studies – – – – – – – -27
2.4 Theoretical framework- — – – – – – – – 31
2.5 summary- – – – – – – – – – -32
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CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – -33
3.2 Research design- – – – – – – – -34
3.3 Population of the study– – – – – – – -34
3.4 Research sample and sampling technique- – – – -35
3.5 Description of research instrument- – – – – -37
3.6 Validity and reliability of research instrument – – – – -39
3.7 Method of data collection – – – – – – -39
3.8 Method of data analysis – – – – – – – -40
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – -42
4.2 Testing of hypothesis- – – – – – – -56
4.3 Discussion of findings – – – – – – – -66
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – -68
5.2 Summary of findings- – – – – – – – -68
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5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – -69
5.4 Recommendation- – – – – – – – -70
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies- – – – – – – -71
References – – – – – – – – – -73
Appendix I – – – – – – – – – -74
Appendix II – – – – – – – – – -75
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List of tables
Table1. What is your gender?
Table2. What is your age?
Table3. What is your marital status?
Table4. What is your academic qualification?
Table5. What is your occupation?
Table6. What privilege did you derive on listening to vision Africa radio umuahia?
Table7. How do you see the political information capability on vision Africa radio
umuahia?
Table8. In vision Africa radio station, how do you rate it in political mobilization of rural
dwellers?
Table9. Do you agree that vision Africa radio can help in mobilizing the rural dwellers?
Table10. During political situation, how do you assess the performance of vision Africa
station in letting you know what to do and the candidates of various parties to be voted
for?
Table11. Do you participate in general election based on information gotten?
xii
Table12. Do you think that the overall attitude of the people towards political issues
would have been better if home radio sets are regularly to vision Africa radio?
Table13. How much are you able to understand the political information aired over the
vision Africa radio station without any other person’s assistances?
Table14. Does exposure to radio on political programmes make up change on choices of
candidates?
Table15. Radio is their dissemination of information, do you think that have succeeded in
creating viable and ending democracy?
xiii
Abstract
The study is geared toward finding out the role of vision Africa radio umuahia on
political mobilization of rural dweller in umuahia north local government area. For this
study, five rural villages in umuahia north local government area were studied. The
importance of radio as the most mobilization media was universally acknowledged. This
research project used survey research and its primary source of data collection for the
study is the questionnaire which is formed from three main research questions. Data
collected were analyzed and interpreted. The findings revealed that a lesser extent of
exposure to radio affects people’s voting pattern. In this democratic era, rural dwellers
need political, educational awareness and enlightenment. It is further recommended that
the government should therefore ensure that all the media of communication are made
available.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study
This study will delve into an in-depth performance of vision Africa radio in the political
mobilization of rural dwellers in umuahia north local government area of abia state. The
determination of the role of this radio in mobilizing rural dwellers for political issues will
need an in-depth treatment or be treated with extreme care. However, the exhaustive
treatment should involve preparation of appropriate political programmes and strategy
towards meeting the needs of these rural dwellers.
The role of radio medium in political mobilization in the annulled of 1973
presidential election is one of the greatest changes facing the electorates in especially in
rural areas, because Nigeria electorates especially in recent years have always been
intensely individualistic, hence political parties will always confront profound cultural
differences. Given the cultural structure of the Nigeria electorates, the importance of
radio programmes cannot be over emphasized. This also is a typical case of election
malpractice that has been the lot of Nigeria election.
Radio on its part is an electronic medium with sounds and audio. It is not effective
spontaneous message carrier of those times. Its consistency brings to the masses,
especially the rural dwellers, account of events making it the number one when compared
to any other medium. Admittedly, radio is relatively cheap and can operate without
electricity; it also satisfies curiosity by allowing one hear for oneself is not just an
2
overstatement. Again its ability to disseminate information in our various dialects as it
also serves as a tonic to language barrier through the stations.
Radio as an integral part of the fourth estate of the realm, through various stations
such as vision Africa is expected as usual to play its traditional role as a watch dog of the
society and as agent of change. In rural areas advertisement role on political trend
inspires responsiveness to the medium and has become a major feature of campaigns for
public office seeker at national, state, and local government levels. Most rural dwellers in
umuahia north local government are known to be financially poor because their low
education status and they cannot afford radio set. This has often been a problem to
efficient and effective use of radio in achieving political mobilization in rural areas.
All things being equal, the term, vision Africa radio umuahia and political
mobilization refers to all kinds of political services rendered to the populace to bring
about information, education, entertainment and influence to the rural dwellers. Apart
from these general role, it enhances and encourages through its various programmes the
acquisition and pursuit of knowledge thereby promoting national consciousness and acts
as a powerful means of social mobilization.
1. Uses of Radio:
Radio has many uses other than broadcasting programmes at the home for example
schools, business, hospitals, farms, market etc and many other organizations use closed
circuit radio. Since the late 1970s, such equipment as audio cassette, recorder, audio disc
players and personal recorders have changed the way people use radio in their homes to
3
listen to various programmes on the station. Considering the fact that radio (vision
Africa) is not the only means of communication, let us have an overview of the various
media of communication.
11. Assessment of the Various Media:
Radio, television, magazines, pamphlets, posters, brochures and visual-audio aids
are important media for conveying information simultaneously to a large population.
They easily open the eyes of the people to the fact of mobilization. Radio especially, can
reach people and be effectively used in many countries as instrument of mobilization.
An overview of the assessment reveals to us that upon the benefits according to each
of these media, there are loopholes which stop them from doing perfectly the work they
are meant for considering these loopholes; one may be tempted to ask what the feature of
radio is?
History of Radio
Accordingly, nwogbunyan (2006:125) noted that in 1860 Maxwell predicted the
existence of radio walls in 1895; Marconi transmitted radio signals for a short distance
and at the turn of the century conducted successful trans-Atlantic tests.
The new communication medium was first known as wireless. The first station was
W.B2 spring field, Massa chusset on September 15, 1921(nwogbunyan 2006:126).
Broadcasting started in Nigeria with what was referred to as the radio diffusion systems
(RDS) or re-diffusion system, introduced by the British colonial government in 1932. In
this system Nigeria subscribes received the broadcasts (news and other programmes)
4
through cable connected to their gramophones. The major reason for establishing RDA
was strengthening by economic, political and culturalites with the colonies and all
important area of the common wealth.
1958, marked the turning point in the annals of broadcasting in Nigeria with the
introduction of an ordinance establishing the Nigeria broadcasting service (N.B.S) the
electronic media (wireless and radio transmission) were constituted under the colonial
government headed by the governor general, sir James Wilson, Robertson, and assented
to in the name of her majesty queen Elizabeth 11. N.B.S was undertaken by the
government of the federation and had four major stations at Lagos (national station,
Enugu. Eastern station). Ibadan (western station and Kaduna (northern station).
However, in June 01, 1978 the federal government of Nigeria announced the
change of the name from Nigeria broadcasting service (N.B.S) to federal radio
corporation (FRC) with other stations across the state of the federation.
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
Radio is one of the most persuasive and effective medium of mass communication.
The problems to investigate is the extent to which radio have influenced umuahia north
local government areas dwellers. It is the duty of radio to properly educate, inform,
entertain or enlighten as well as mobilize the entire local government area. Though the
importance of radio cannot be over emphasized in the third world country like Nigeria.
But, it is an important key fact to success as well as avenue for political mobilization. The
problems of this research or study are as follows:
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What effects have vision Africa radio put to achieve the aim of improving the political
mobilization of rural dwellers in umuahia north local government?
1. Are the rural dwellers of umuahia north local government listening to political
programmes?
2. Are the rural dwellers participating in political mobilization programmes?
3. Is the government taking political mobilization serious?
These and other questions will be addressed later in the course of study.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The following are the aims of this study.
1. To find out how radio programmes has imparted on the political decision of
umuahia north local government area.
2. To determine whether radio medium has any problem in mobilizing the rural
dwellers in umuahia north.
3. To know the extent to which radio programmes have gone in mobilizing and
persuading voters among the people of umuahia community during election since
radio is mostly employed by candidates as a means of reaching the people.
4. To find out whether radio programmes in various forms help in political
mobilization of umuahia north.
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1.4 Research Questions
The following are some of the questions used by the researcher to get the necessary
information from the respondents that will guide the study.
1. To what extent have radio political programmes affect people’s voting pattern?
2. What limitation does radio medium affect the people of umuahia north local
government area in achieving sustainable political mobilization?
3. To what extent does radio serve as the best medium of communication for rural
dwellers?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
H1. Exposure to radio political programmes do affect people’s voting pattern.
H0. Exposure of radio political programmes do not affect people’s voting pattern.
H2. The medium affect the people of umuahia north local government area in achieving
sustainable political mobilization.
H0. The medium do not affect the people of umuahia north local government area in
achieving sustainable political mobilization.
H3. Radio is the best medium of communication for rural political mobilization in
umuahia L.G.A.
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H0. Radio is not the best medium of communication for rural political mobilization in
umuahia L.G.A.
1.6. Scope of Study
The research is limited umuahia north local government area. The choice of the place
has to do with the fact that its population is predominately rural based. Vision Africa
radio operates in this area. Therefore, a conclusion made from the findings on the role of
vision Africa radio programmes on political mobilization: a study of umuahia north local
government area, will be applied to the rural communities since rural communities passes
similar characteristics that are easily identifiable in all rural areas of the country.
1.7 Significance of the Study
Theoretically, the study will help to create awareness on the need for proper use of
radio medium in political mobilization of rural dwellers. It will also increase the level of
perception, attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of the public especially in umuahia local
government area on the services and programmes of radio medium in improving the level
of political mobilization. It will help to create a more co-coordinated socio-political and
socio-economic awareness on some burning issues at the grassroots. It is also hoped that
the research will help in promoting political participation and nature consciousness. It
will ensure continued education for the rural population.
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The study will help to answer such questions as to whether radio medium will be
essential and reliable in providing the best methodologies that will assist them in getting
information about their respective research.
Lastly, the study will serve as a guide to students, scholars, institutions or the public
that are carrying out research on similar, or related issues and also the work will provide
a strong work for these researchers.
1.8. Operational Definitions
Mobilization: This means to work together in order to achieve a particular aim.
Political: art of governing for later and more rewarding life.
Rural dwellers: any underdeveloped people living in a given geographical area in this
project umuahia north local government area.
Radio medium: the medium for transmitting, mobilizing information/value for the rural
dwellers/
Sustainable: continuing maintaining a process for long
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