ABSTRACT
This research work was carried out to evaluate the laboratory analysis of pipeline products marketing company (PPMC) depot operations.
In the course of the research many scholarly articles on the subject matter were reviewed from which the researcher got lot information concerning the topic at hand. Thus making the research work a reliable source of information as far as facts about petroleum products marketing company (PPMC) is concerned.
The Pipeline Inspectorate is charged with the responsibility of monitoring the operations of the Petroleum/Petrochemical processing plants and the activities of the Petroleum products Marketing Companies to ensure they operate in accordance with requirements of the Petroleum Regulations. Petroleum Products manufactured from the refineries in Kaduna, Warri, and Port Harcourt are distributed through a network of Pipelines to Depots located strategically all over Nigeria. Imported products from offshore operations arrangement are received at the Apapa, Atlas Cove, Warri, and Port Harcourt Jetties. Petroleum Products are evacuated from the depots by road tankers to various Petrol Stations and other retail Outlets.
This research work therefore presents an analysis on depot operations which includes amongst others; methods and modes of measurement of Petroleum Products, the role of the petroleum Inspectorate in ensuring that products are manufactured to specification standard, products accountability at the processing plants, bulk storage depots and retail outlets, and products distribution to consumers on specification.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT OPERATION
2.1 PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION BY PIPELINE
2.2 PRODUCT MOVEMENTS AND HANDLING GENERAL
2.3 PIPELINE PRODUCTS MOVEMENT SCHEDULE
2.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE AT DEPOT OPERATIONS
2.4.1 MONITORING OF QUALITY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT REFINERIES
2.4.2 MONITORING OF QUALITY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT DEPOTS/JETTIES
2.4.3 MONITORING OF QUALITY OF PRODUCTS AT PETROL STATIONS
2.5 THE ROLE OF PETROLEUM INSPECTORATE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
- LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS USED
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL TEST ON THE VARIOUS PIPELINE PRODUCTS
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL TEST ON THE VARIOUS PIPELINE PRODUCTS
- FLASH POINT TEST
- SMOKE POINT TEST
- DISTILLATION TEST
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL TEST ON THE VARIOUS PIPELINE PRODUCTS
- FLASH POINT TEST
- SMOKE POINT TEST
- DISTILLATION TEST
- THE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE DENSITY
CHAPTER FOUR
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
4.1 PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF QUALITY CONTROL – UPON RECEPTION AT DEPOTS
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF QUALITY CONTROL – UPON RECEPTION AT DEPOTS
4.2 PPMC DEPOT OPERATIONS ANALYSIS STEPS
4.2.1 Before pumping into partially filled tanks
4.2.2 When pumping
4.2.3 After pumping into tanks
4.2.4 When being stored
4.2.5 Test polluted products
4.2.6 Test after loading the delivery vehicles
4.2.7 Multiple testing
- TYPES OF EXAMINATION OR ANALYSIS AT DEPOTS
- APPLICATION FOR ANALYSIS
4.4 QUANTITATIVE EXTENT OF SAMPLES
4.4.1 SAMPLING OF EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTS
- DIFFERENT KINDS OF SAMPLES
- SAMPLING EQUIPMENTS
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 DISCUSSION
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In the Petroleum Industry, Crude Oil and the products from it exist generally in liquid or gaseous forms. Accurate measurement of the Crude Oil and the Products, which are bulk fluids, is of prime importance, such accuracy obviates disputes about receipts into terminal storage and on deliveries to customers, while promptly alerts operators to unnecessary products losses.
Large volumes of Refinery/Petrochemical Products are manufactured at a time and transferred into storage tanks within the plants as either intermediate or finished products. Both are transferred from plant storage either for further processing or by Sea, Rail, Road, or Pipeline to end users. It therefore becomes important to monitor and establish the quantities transferred.
The different modes of transfer and storage suggest various ways and means of measuring the volumes of fluids under movement. In the process of measurement certain parameters especially Temperature, Densities/Specific Gravities play such important roles, that tables that are concerned with the effect of temperature on volumes, specific gravities or densities, for example, have been complied jointly by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) and Institute of Petroleum (IP) of United Kingdom.
It is of great importance to maintain the quality of products throughout various phases of the distribution network from the Refinery to consumers. The Refineries manufacture Petroleum Products to specification standards approved by the Standard Organization of Nigeria. The Oil marketing companies also have established procedures for handling various grades of Petroleum Products to prevent contamination with other grades, water or sediments. The petroleum Inspectorate therefore monitors the operations of the Refineries to ensure that products manufactured meet specification standards and are accurately accounted for through joint participation in all stock taking exercise.
The petroleum Inspectorate also monitors shipment of these products by Sea, Rail, Road and network of Pipeline to bulk Storage Deposits. The activities of the oil marketing companies are monitored to ensure correct volume of products are sold at approve prices and that products sold meet specification standards.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This research work was carried out to determine pipeline products marketing company from a laboratory analysis point of view at various depot operations.
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research work is laboratory analysis of depot operations like reception, storage, measurement and in pipeline products marketing company.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This research report shall serve as an authority for further researches in topics related to the subject matter.
1.4PROBLEM STATEMENT
The challenge to monitor the operations of petroleum products from the points of production to the point of consumption is a task that must be carried out to save various degrees of loss. The loss can be viewed from production perspective and from the final consumers’ perspective as well.
Therefore the need of a prior result about pipeline product constituents is always of essence, thus the actual importance of laboratory analysis of depot operations to ensure high standards and product quality control.
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
PPMC – Pipeline Products Marketing Company
ASTM – American Society for Testing Materials
IP – Institute of Petroleum
PMS – Premium motor spirit
DPK – Dual purpose kerosene
AGO – Automotive gas oil
etc
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