TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
Table of contents – – – – – – – vii
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the problem – – – – – 1
Statement of the Problem – – – – – 3
Objectives of the study – – – – – – 7
Research Questions – – – – – – 8
Significance of the study – – – – – – 9
Scope of the study – – – – – – – 11
Limitations of the study – – – – – – – 11
Definition of terms – – – – – – – 12
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW 13
Theories of Low Productivity- – – – – – 16
The School of Thought Relevant to Problems- – 19
Attribute Factors to Productivity – – – – – 24
Summary – – – – – – – – 40
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design – – – – – – – 44
Area of Study – – – – – – – – 44
Population of the study – – – – – – 45
Sample size Determination – – – – – 45
Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – – 36
Research instrument used – – – – – -46
Validation of Instrument – – – – – – 47
Reliability of Instrument – – – – – – 47
Method of Data Presentation – – – – – 48
Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – 49
CHAPTER FORU: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Data Presentation – – – – – – – -52
Presentation of demographic characteristics — – 44
Testing of hypotheses – – – – – – 48
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Summary of findings – – – – – – 71
Recommendations – – – – – – – 62
Conclusions – – – – – – – – 63
Bibliography – – – – – – – – 65
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 67
Questionnaire – – – – – – – – 68
ABSTRACT
The research on the account for the low productivity in Public Corporations in Nigeria with reference to Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Enugu Zonal Office is aimed at determining hold best to improve the productivity of Nigerian Public Corporations. In conducting the research, information were sourced from many places as well as reviewing of related literatures. Questionnaires were also conducted for proper collection of data for the research and other forms of data collection such as personal observations were used in the study. Tables were also used to present analyze and interpreter data. At the end, findings based on the data collected revealed that factors such as poor management, change view of authority, conflict objectives by the leaders of public corporation etc are not unconnected to the prevailing low productivity in the public corporations. In conclusion of the research, recommendation and possible solutions were given based on the finding o as to help solve the problem.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Public corporations are government owned institution established to engage in production of certain goods and services for socio-economic welfare of it’s citizens. Such goods and services may be those, which the private sector may not provide adequately or may not provide at all for lack of incentive for maximum profit.
The performance of some of the public corporations in terms of rendering or giving services to the public has been a matter of great concern to the country.
The corporations have been performing below expectations of people, which do not justify the huge amount of money invested in them by the government. What has been common in some public corporations is low productivity. According to Mali Paul (2008, P.23), productivity is the measure of how well.
Resources are brought together in organization as well being utilized for accomplishing a set of results. Productivity is reaching the highest level of performance with the least expenditure of resources; the inverse of this is low productivity.
The gross effects of low productivity in Nigerian Public Corporations have been affecting the lives of Nigerian negatively. Given the rate of low productivity in these corporations, one may ask why these corporations are inherently characterized by low-productivity in spite of all government effects and financial to assistance to them which are aimed at improving the economy and thereby satisfying the ever increasing need for improved productivity.
However, improving the performance and productivity level of public corporation is a good way of achieving a higher standard of living of people as well as boosting the prosperity of the overall Nigerian economy.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
There have been concerted effort by the government and the Organized private sectors to enhance productivity in public corporations for instance, the federal and state government often times organize seminars and Workshops aimed at making it’s personnel’s in public corporations to Increase productivity. These efforts have been hampering by such problems.
As: Bribery and corruption, poor attitude of the workers, leadership horse
Trading and a host of others. The low performance in some of the public
Corporations are some times associated with the personnel in these corporations. The personnel’s or workers do not put in their best while d at times weak organizational norms which are very inconsistent with the type working, some stay idle all through days, others come late to work and others keep absent from work with out permission.
There is a general conflict to objectives among the managers and management of public corporations as well as general laxity amongst workers who believe that government work is nobody’s work. According to Breach. W.P (2004. P 103), “People watch their own money closer than they watch other people’s money. Infect, lazy workers restrictive labour union, and bumbling bureaucrats all contribute to in efficiency and low-productivity in public corporations in addition to all the above problems associated with low productivity in public corporations, government regulation pressure and political inherence on public corporations contribute to low productivity problem.
Again, according to Bowing Green Ohio, an inefficient and ineffective managerial strategies who do not accomplish the main objectives which the organization has set out do accomplish and of people working in the organization conspired to be impediment to the attainment of high productivity in public corporations according to him, there is need to reform organizational norms as it concerns behavior of workers if high productivity is to be achieved.
The Problems of Productivity in Public Corporations in Nigeria is very
Versed, this study will be concerned with finding some of the main reasons for the persistent low Productivity in Public Corporations using the Power Holding Company of Nigeria as the case study. Some of the reasons for the persistent low productivity in publications include:
- Poor attitude to new and changing technology.
- the effects of government regulation and legislative
intrusion
- Wastage of resources
- .Lack of motivation of employees
- Changing view of authority
- Conflict objective by the leaders
- Poor financing
- Poor management
- Unresolved human conflicts and difficulties in
cooperation resulting in organizational in effectiveness.
At the end of this study, recommendations and solutions on how to improve and increase the productive level or capacity of public corporations will be suggested which will definitely give the desired results.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to discover the following
- To closely look at those factors responsible for low productivity at work.
- To review the current operating standard of management and suggest if possible any other standard that will be of great help in the task of stepping up productivity.
- To investigate how effective the motivational method that has played many roles in the bid to increase productivity of workers.
- To verify what should be done to increase the overall interest of workers to enhance productivity
- To find out ways to be applied to ensure workers commitment to work in order to foster increase productivity.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To carry out the research effectively, a number of related questions concerning the attitude of workers to improve their working attitude were prepared. The following questions were being used to acquire the necessary information on the study.
- What are these factors responsible for low productivity of the worker?
- What will encourage a worker to work diligently and put his best at work
- What type of work environment help to facilitates a worker in carrying out his work
- Does management style of leadership affects workers productivity level?
- What additional incentives a worker will apply to increase his productivity level.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In view of the fact that the issue of low productivity in public corporations has become a matter of great concern to the general public and the various sectors of the Nigerian economy; any move or attempt aimed at solving the problem will be of very important to the society.
This study will be of immense important to the society in that it
will help determine the factors or problems limiting the enhanced productivity in public corporation in addition, the study will create enough avenue for proper evaluation of public the performance of all the public corporations with regards to their services to people. Through the researches in this study, it will be easy to determine why low productivity is commonly associated with the public sector than the private sector. Through this study, people will understand that pubic corporations and government have shortcomings, which conspired to form an impediment to sound productivity in the economy. This study will enlighten the management of public corporation on the need to discharge their responsibility with diligent. According to Schaller Bradley, (1981) high productivity attainment depends on the management decision and goals to be achieved; management of public corporations must establish the objectives of their organization and map out plans and strategies towards achieving. This requires basic investment decisions and general plans for utilizing plants and equipment and other available resources.
In addition to other importance of this study, the government will be in the best position to adopt the right strategies to ensure that public corporations fulfilled the government predetermined objectivities or aim for establishing them. Finally, the study will serve as an effective reference item for suture studies.
SCOPE, OF THE STUDY
The research gave much consideration to the problems associated with low productivity amongst workers in the public organizations where productivity level can be measured.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Certain constraints were encountered in the course writing this work among which are transportation in distributing and collecting back questionnaires, conducting personal interviews. Also the researcher discovers that most of the ones returned were not properly filled, also some respondents even refused to filled them or failed to answer all aspect of the question.
The interview were conducted to give credence to the information relieved from the questionnaires.
DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS
Seminar – An advance teaching based on a particular
subject or Issue.
Bribery – Unfairly influence and distorters of justice.
Norms – Standard of proper behavior or principles of
right and Wrong rule.
Productivity – Measure on how well resources are brought
together in An organization and utilized for accomplishing a set of Results.
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