ABSTRACT
The development and evolution in technology has helped modern day smart phones and Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)’s more refined and sophisticated. It has drastically changed the way in which we perform our mobile transactions. The advent of Google Wallet and QuickTeller is an indication that mobile payment system is relevant today and more so in future. Mobile payments in recent years has become universally evolved, it is becoming more valuable in terms of Near Field communication (NFC), sensors, storage, and processing power that allows many people always carry their smartphones.
The common ubiquity of Smartphone’s and electronic payments has lead to some initiatives for mobile payments. The motivation for this dissertation was to create a successful Mobile Payment System (MPS) that facilitates resources management. The goal was to describe a system that could make store contents on mobile devices. However some mobile technologies like processor speed and battery life are limiting factors that affect the ubiquity of the system.The novel design of existing MPS was investigated especially targeted a latest Smartphone’s and innovations to address some of the shortcomings. The design choice enables stored User Interface inside the application; integration of multiple payment cards; Virtual payment card; three factor authentication metrics.
In this dissertation, a framework for resource management in mobile payment system was presented, the framework comprises of technologies such as Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Application configuration and various networking protocols and the architecture for financial transaction was presented. Furthermore, possible security issues, risk and threats that might be experienced by users and the communication channel was also revealed. In addition, the database was created using SQLite, Android Studio software was used to develop and test the application and extreme programming methodology was used.
The study concluded that the right technologies can enable proficient storage of content on client’s mobile device to facilitate resource management. The main result of this dissertation has established how resources can be managed for a financial transaction on a mobile device. The framework developed enabled the implementation of an application. The applicationshows that the right technology is available to successfully implement the application.Consequently, this research brings to a close that practical applications are within the realm of possibility.
Keywords: Resource management, Mobile payment system, Smart phones, Android, Security.
Word Count: 367
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Objective of the Study 3
1.4 Methodology 3
1.5 Scope of the Study 4
1.6 Significance of the Study 4
1.7 Organization of Dissertation 4
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction 6
2.1 Overview of Payment System 6
2.2.1 Types of Payments 7
2.1.2 Major online Payment Systems 9
2.1.3 Determinants for Acceptance of Mobile Payment Methods 11
2.1.4 Risk of Mobile Payment System 12
2.1.5 Threats 13
Content Page
2.1.6 Counter Measures 16
2.1.7 Mobile Payment Systems in Nigeria 17
2.1.8 Security Principles 18
2.1.8.1 One Time Password Algorithm 19
2.1.8.2 Secure element 20
2.2 Review of Existing Mobile Payment Systems 21
2.2.1 Google Wallet 21
2.2.2 MasterCard Paypass 22
2.2.3 United Bank for Africa Mobile 22
2.2.4 Quick Teller 22
2.2.5 Paga 23
2.2.6 M-PESA 23
2.3 Review of Closely Related Works 25
2.4 Application Framework 26
2.4.1 Justification of Framework 26
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 28
3.1 Framework Design 28
3.2 Mobile Device Architectural Framework 30
3.2.1 Architectural framework for Mobile Payment Transaction 33
3.2.2 Payment System Architecture 35
3.3 System Analysis and Design 36
3.3.1 System Analysis 36
3.3.1.1 Development of the System 36
3.3.1.2 System Requirements Analysis 36
Content Page
3.3.1.3 Functional Requirements 37
3.3.1.4 Non-Functional Requirement 38
3.3.1.5 Software Requirements 39
3.3.1.6 Hardware Requirements 39
3.3.2 System Design 39
3.3.2.1 Development Tools 39
3.3.2.2 Software Development Model 42
3.3.2.2.1 Extreme Programming 43
3.3.2.3 UseCase Diagram 47
3.3.2.4 Flowchart 49
3.3.2.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 51
3.3.2.6 Database Schema 53
3.3.2.7 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 55
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction 57
4.1 System Implementation 57
4.2.1 Database Design 57
4.2.2 Graphical User Interface 57
4.2.2.1 Customer Module 58
4.2.3.1 Register 58
4.2.3.2 Login/Logout 60
4.2.3.3 Add/Manage Payment Cards 62
4.2.3.4 Home/Item page 64
4.2.3.5 Transaction 66
Content Page
4.2.3.6 Forgot password 68
4.2.3.7 History 69
4.2.3.8 Feedback 71
4.3 System Testing 72
4.3.1 Unit Testing 72
4.3.2 Integration Testing 72
4.3.3 System Testing 72
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary 73
5.2 Conclusion 73
5.3 Recommendations 73
5.4 Contribution to Knowledge 74
5.5 Limitation of the Study 74
REFERENCES 75
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1 Mobile payment system threats 14
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2.1Mobile Payment categories 8
2.2 Prospective arrays of transactions supported 24
3.1 Architectural illustrations for the developed framework 29
3.2 Block diagram of the Mobile Payment System 33
3.5 Flowchart 48
3.7 The Entity Relationship Diagram 52
3.8 Database Schema 54
3.9 The Data Flow Diagram 56
4.1 Customers registration page 59
4.1.1 Registration successful page 61
4.3.1 Manage Payment Card page 63
4.4 Home page 64
4.4.1Item page 65
4.5 Transfer of funds to a merchant page 66
4.5 Funds Transfer page 67
4.5.2 The OTP message page 67
4.6 Forgot password page 68
4.7 Receipt page 69
4.7.1 Transaction page 70
4.7.2 Beneficiary Page 70
4.8 Feedback page 71
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays organizations are now very concerned in generating ideas and strategies that will facilitate them to manage resourcesand software practise, which is as a result to an ever-rising demand for more computational power. Also, there is a huge increase in the use of online transactions comprised of contemporary e-commerce operation and millions of web queries daily from data centers which motivate modern organizations want to invent and visualize ingenious strategies to create value and have a competitive advantage. Organizations with smart moves, technology and vision develop products and services that addressmanagement of resources will enjoy a competitive edge. Murugesan, (2012). According to a survey by San and Gangadharan(2012), the global number of Internet users increased 444.8% between the years 2000 and 2010, and in June 2010, the global number of Internet users reached nearly two billions, corresponding to 28.7% of the global human population. Mobile usage of the Internet has increased its popularity dramatically, and it has profoundly changed the way how mobile terminals are used: in 2010, Ericsson announced measurements indicating that mobile data surpassed mobile voice already in 2009 and the amount of mobile data traffic is forecast to double annually over five years.
Current mobile payment initiative utilizes storage and wireless capabilities of the mobile device to store and communicate payment information respectively. Phones connect to a mobile network, which allows use of SMS and mobile internet service. The use of mobile technology is absolutely impacting the global banking and payment industry by providing ease of use to existing bank customers in developed market and also offering new services to the unbanked customers in emerging markets Sunil,(2012). Mobile payment system (MPS) is a ground-breaking application on a mobile platform that allows a user to operate different transactions and make payment using a mobile device. MPS allows registered users financial transactions to be carried out anytime, anywhere via a mobile phone and help give customers instant access to their banks. Mobile payment usage has not witnessed an explosive growth in Nigeria because of the fear of security and privacy; the Biometric Verification Number (BVN) enrolment discovered that there are about 25 million Nigerians with bank account and statistics from the Nigeria Communication commission (NCC, 2014) shows that there are about 148 Million mobile phone subscribers. This result shows that large number of the general public demand for more computational power using their mobile devices for communication as well as financial transaction. Many clients could do lots of transactions like checking account details; linking bank ATM card; bank statements; perform transactions like funds transfer, Airtime purchase and bills payment via MPS. All these transactions require response to queries from the server usually comprised of the (application, Business logic, Database and Presentation) which consequently utilizes more energy, infrastructure and resources.
Furthermore, security of transactions must be considered due to the incidence of criminal attacks ranging from fraud to mischievous destruction of mobile devices. Customers using the mobile payment system must be assured that their transactions will satisfy data privacy and security so that no third party would have access to their details without prior permission. Biometrics is a strong security mechanism especially when using fingerprints, most smart phones are embedded with optical finger print sensors for authentication and identification which captures finger print at runtime; therefore it makes the application more secured.
It is with this perspective that this project attempts to design a secure mobile payment system that would help payment system provider manage their resources and enable a client’s have functionalities that will include the application data stored on the clients device, the real-time compilation of the application and client personal settings injected into the core of the clients device. Resource management in the mobile payment system are required to minimise access to the application server to minimise the cost of resources from the client (internet) and the service provider (heavy work load on the server which consumes more power and produces heat and toxics to the environment).
Hence, to minimize the maintenance cost of computing environments, it is advisable to virtualized computing infrastructures. Cloud Computing is a service that offers storage, infrastructure, software and utility oriented IT services, in this context on demand resource and storage management is a major service such an environment should warrant. It must tolerate allocation of resources when busy or idle so as to facilitate energy efficiency and manage contents. Resource usage reduction also concerns users since efficient service is needed while utilizing the mobile payment system which uses little internet connectivity to operate. An organization could experience decrease on the costs as regards infrastructure and resources with the espousal of the technology that handles resources. Instead of investing in larger numbers of physical servers, it is also easier to manage storage between the client and the server rather than have client access the server frequently and replicate data in the cloud for storage and recovery. Therefore it is essential to ensure that the future growth of resource management is sustainable.
Large organizations like the financial institutions have lots of massive servers as well as numerous clients. This yields to increase in server demands and hence more infrastructure and labour intensive activities for the server. Usually, if the workload on an active server is reduced then the power consumption is lower because applications and data that are accessed frequently can be cached in mobile devices which makes the server consume less power which aids resource management. Thus, there is a prospect toward Optimal storage utilization, the possibility of hosting applications and storing data on the clients device, thereby reducing the number of reserved resources for storage and also numerous request and response that is being sent and received to and from the server. Hence, the project is designedto develop a framework for payment service provider to reduce accessto the server which can be adoptable by user to meet their respective demand. Therefore, if properly utilized, this approach can help organizations reduce the rate at which clients have access to the application server.
The main objective of this study is to develop a frameworkthat allows management of resources i.e. optimal storage of some functionality on the client’s device as well as ease the rate of access to financial payment services (servers) so as to manage resources by reducing workload. The specific objectives are to:
- present a framework that enables proficient storage of content on client’s mobile deviceto facilitate resource management and
- develop a securemobile payment system.
In order to achieve the set objectives for this project, the following methodologies were adopted:
- The interoperable framework was presented with different functional components on the mobile device and server side. This was done after the review of different frameworks.
- The database for customer and transactions were created using SQLite, and Android Studio software was used to develop and test the mobile application.Extreme Programming was adopted due to the fact that it focuses on providing the highest values for customers in the fastest possible way. It was designed to improve software quality and to provide quick response to changes in the customers’ requirements.
This research depicts the design of a framework for mobile payment system and the implementation of the developed framework. The study focusedon how payment system provider can manage resources while meeting clients demand. This project work approaches this by simply offering the opportunity to save application and data on the client’s device. The financial transactions that were covered are limited to: virtual card top up, funds transfer, balance inquiry, online payment to different merchant and bills payment. The system will also enable multiple payment cards and have a feedback section where complains can be made.
The development of a mobile payment system framework allows the creation of having a secure and efficient mobile transaction. The framework would enable a client’s have functionalities on the mobile device so as to manage resources (content) which dramatically reduces the rate at which client request for content from the server, because high utilization of servers leads to a lot of power consumption.Thus, these results with no doubt would be very important to all concerned sectors that come across this work.
1.7 Organization of Dissertation
Chapter one is the introductory chapter of six section namely introduction, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, methodology and scope of the study. Chapter two of this research explains the concepts of resource management and payment system, review of related works, mobile payment system in Nigeria, existing applications, and many others was revealed.
Chapter three of this research describes the research methodology, research design, requirement specification, system analysis, functional and non functional requirement user requirement, and hardware requirement, the system design, flowchart, usecase diagrams, Entity relationship diagram, sequence diagrams and database will be revealed. Chapter four of this research discusses the implementation, analysis and testing of the developedsystem. Finally, Chapter 5 of this work gave full summary of the entire work, conclusions and recommendation for future works.
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