CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Nigerian economy has been plagued with several challenges over the years. In spite of many, and frequently changing, fiscal, monetary and other macro-economic policies, Nigeria has not been able to harness her economic potentials for rapid economic development (Ogbole, 2010).
Monetary policy as the name implies is one of the major economic stabilization weapons which involve measures designed to regulate and could control the volume, cost, availability and direction of money and credit in an economy to achieve some specific macro-economic policy objective. It is a deliberate attempt by the monetary authority (Central Bank) to control the money supply and credit condition for the purpose of achieving certain broad economic objective. It is also the control of money and Bank credit thereby regulating cost of credit such a way it will affect aggregate demand in a direction that would continue to the achievement of healthy balance of payment, price stability and job opportunity (Anyawu, 1993)
However, it will settle in this study that macro-economic stability is a pre-requisite for sustainable growth and poverty reduction. Money supply is been controlled by the government in that firm/investors belief that its rate of growth has something to do with rate of inflation. Bryan (2010) stated that monetary policy should be directed to interest rate rather than money supply and that monetary policy should be at all time subsidiary to fiscal policy.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The monetary policy implementations in the economy over the past years were detrimental to, and inconsistent with the development needs of economy. This concern has exerted pressures on the view to finding possible solutions. As a result of this the structural adjustment program was introduces in the economy and to liberalized the financial system. According to Anyanwu (1993) monetary policy is a major economic stabilization weapon which involves measures designed to regulate and control the volume, cost, availability and direction of money and credit in an economy to achieve macroeconomic objectives or goals. The problem lies on making use of policy that will solve the economic problems instead of the economy to have low level of investment, income and also the level of demand and supply will reduce.
Another problem is how to restructure the production and consumption pattern of the economy through the elimination of price distortion.
Another problem is the power response of the financial system to monetary policies control measures which has to do with lack of transparency in the separation of financial intermediaries. These problems have necessitated further for solution.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The overall aim of the research study is “a reassessment of the impact of monetary policy instruments on private investment in Nigeria.
Other specific objectives are:
- To ascertain the effectiveness of money supply on profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
- To determine the impact of interest rate on profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
- To determine the correlation between tax and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions will guide the researcher during the course of writing this research exercise.
- Does any relationship exist between money supply and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector?
- To what level does interest rate have significant impact on profit after tax in Nigeria private sector?
- Does any correlation exist between tax and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis were formulated from the objectives above in other to guide this research project.
(1). Ho: there is no significant relationship between money supply and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
Hi: there is significant relationship between money supply and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
(2). Ho: Interest rate does not have significant impact on profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
Hi: interest rate have significant impact on profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
(3). Ho: there is no significant relationship between tax and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
Hi: there is significant relationship between tax and profit after tax in Nigeria private sector.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research examine the length at which monetary policy as a tool of public policy has been successfully applied in Nigeria and showed its relevant and effective in raising aggregate private sector in Nigerian economy. Among other things to be looked into is how the work will be of use to financial investment investors as it will give a just indication of how they can be affected by monetary policies.
Furthermore, the imperative of the research includes:
- To ensure the efficient and effective control of the monetary policy in the economics, this is possible if government or government agencies accept and implement its policies base on the recommendations stated in this work.
- This study will help in policy making and investment. It will also serve as a guide to foreign and local investors to have a clear and deeper understanding of the different Nigerian monetary policies and prepare for change of policy in the future.
- Thirdly, interested publics can use the result of this research work as a means of gaining a better insight into monetary policy of Nigeria and inflation occurrences in Nigeria.
Finally, for prospective researchers, this work will form a part of guideline to enable researchers developed more similar research work in the near future
1.7 SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is on “a reassessment of the impact of monetary policy instruments on private investment in Nigeria, how it is used to fight inflation, unemployment, encourage private investment/production of goods and services and generally encourage private participation in economy building.
This study further highlights the relevance of monetary policies in the Nigeria economy. Its emphasis encompasses the component of monetary policies. Its relationship with other disciplines, how it is used in the economy. It does not however include comparison with other countries since economic structure and system differ and therefore would amount to unfair comparison. Constraints faced during this research work include.
- Limitation of cost and time
- Restricted access to some classified document.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Commercial Bank: Commercial banks are described as supermarkets of financial services. They are retail banks that take small amount of deposits from many customers and operate wide network of branches because of the nature of their business.
Monetary Policy: Monetary policy refers to combination of measures designed to regulate the values, supply and cost of monetary in consonance with the level of economic activity.
Fiscal Policy: Fiscal policy is a major instrument of economic management for any government. In short fiscal policy has been constraint to monetary policy rather then been deals with the discretionary control of money supplied by monetary authorities in other achieve the stated or desired economic goals.
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