ABSTRACT
Microcontroller based remote control system is a project design of a system that uses infra red transmission and reception principle to switch on or off other appliances. It is a wireless mode of switching appliances to a desired state. When a number is pressed in the transmitter section, the receiver section decodes the signal and utilizes it in controlling the desired appliances.
Several functional blocks of circuit are put together to ensure that the design works as the designer intended. These blocks include; the power supply unit, signal transmission section, signal reception section, the microcontroller unit and the voltage switching section. The power supply unit to the system comprises of a 12volts step-down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a filter capacitor and a voltage regulator.
The signal transmission section sends out signals through an infra red transmitter situated in a remote. This signal transmitted is in the form of a frequency and only devices operating within that range of frequency can detect the transmitted signal.
Signal reception unit uses an infra red transmitter to receive the frequencies transmitted by the remote. The microcontroller section is used to decode the frequencies received by the infra red receiver and this is used to turn on or off the desired appliance. The microcontroller used is atmel89s51.
The voltage switching section uses relay in its operation. It receives signal from the microcontroller and ensures that appropriate voltage is supplied to the appliance being controlled by the operator.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page = = = = = = = = = = = i
Certification page = = = = = = = = = = ii
Acknowledgement = = = = = = = = = = iii
Dedication = = = = = = = = = = = iv
Abstract = = = = = = = = = = = = v
Table of content = = = = = = = = = vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT = = = = = = = = 1
1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT = = = = = = = 2
1.3 SCOPE OF DIAGRAMS IN PROJECT = = = = = = 2
1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT = = = = = = = 3
1.5 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION = = = = = = 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEMS = = = = = 6
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT = = = = = = = = 8
2.3 USE OF PROJECT = = = = = = = = = 9
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 INFORMATION GATHERING = = = = = = = 10
3.2 HARDWARE COMPONENTS ANALYSIS = = = = = = 10
3.3 SYSTEM DESIGN APPROACH = = = = = = = 52
3.4 CHOICE OF DESIGN = = = = = = = = = 54
3.5 THE PROCESS FLOW CHART = = = = = = = 55
CHAPTER FOUR: DESIGN
- THE HARDWARE SUBSYSTEMS = = = = = = = 57
- MICROCONTROLLER (AT89C51) = = = = = = 60
- THE INPUT INTERFACE DESIGN = = = = = = 70
- THE OUTPUT INTERFACE DESIGN = = = = = = 72
- CONTROL SOFTWARE PROGRAM DESIGN = = = = = 742
CHAPTER FIVE: SYSTEM TESTING, IMPLEMETATION AND EVALUATION
- SYSTEM TESTING = = = = = = = = = 80
- CHOICE OF PROGRAMING LANGUAGE = = = = = 81
- EXPECTED TEST RESULTS = = = = = = = = 81
- PERFORMANCE EVALUATION = = = = = = = 82
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION
6.1 SUMMARY = = = = = = = = = = 83
6.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED = = = = = = = = 83
6.3 RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT = = = 84
6.4 CONCLUSION = = = = = = = = = = 84
REFRENCE = = = = = = = = = = = 85
APPENDIX = = = = = = = = = = = 86
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
- OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
The need for a remote control system that can control domestic appliances and various lighting points and sockets has often been a concern for users. At times users find it inconvenient and time consuming to go around turning their appliances on or off each time there is power outage or each time they are leaving the house for work. It has also often led to damage of appliances due to the fact that an appliance was not turned off before leaving the house.
The Objective of putting up this project, therefore, is to design equipment that can facilitate a convenient and easy way of controlling our domestic appliances, lighting points and sockets especially in powering them, without always going to appliances physically by ourselves.
This objective will be accomplished using various components which include a Microcontroller (AT89C51) which acts as the backbone of the project together with other components.
- JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT
The ease of putting our appliances, lighting points and sockets on or off has made it necessary to develop this system in order to control our appliances, lighting points and sockets from a central point using a remote control. The issues of always forgetting our appliances ON when leaving the house has often caused fire outbreak and explosion in homes and this is another reason that led to designing and construction of this project.
1.3 SCOPE OF DIAGRAMS IN PROJECT
In this project report, the diagrams will range from simple block diagrams to complex circuit diagrams which will comprise mostly of common electrical and electronics symbols. Some of the diagrams that will feature in this report will be used as the main block on which certain parameters will be explained upon. Relevant electronic components will also be shown and described.
This project report will also contain an outline of the circuit diagram as it is seen physically. The package design diagram will be included showing the width, height in millimeter (mm).
1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT
Fig 1.0: Block diagram
1.5 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
Chapter 1 serves as the introductory chapter where I try to relay the concept and acceptable reasons why the project should be implemented for the intending user of the work. Thus, showing the block diagram of the design and a scope of diagram for the entire project design.
Chapter 2 deals with the literature review where it will be discussing the origin of this project design. In the origin of the project, we will be looking at what brings about the three phase selector in our day to day activity and how the idea of designing this project comes about.
A description of the Project is also given where the 2 sections of the project are discussed and the various components contained in the sections also mentioned.
The use and importance of this project design will also be mentioned here. It will be looking at the best place where this project design can be use and where it cannot. This chapter will also make room for adding additional information that will help in the actualization of this project design.
Chapter 3 treats the methodology of this project design. It comprises of the information gathering; the source of the materials used in designing and writing the project report, data analysis; the components and devices used in the course of designing this project will be analysis to know their basic means of operation and how they will help in putting up this design, system design approach; the possible way to tackled the project design from scratch, bottom-up; it will treat how the practical detail was gotten before considering about the general principle of the system design, choice of design system; it focuses on why the project design was done using a microcontroller rather than using only digital logic, and also the data flow arrangement and system flow chart.
In chapter 4, the detail design work will be presented. It will include the schematic of the design of the various sections of the design and the source code (in C language) used in programming the microcontroller.
Chapter 5 will be discussing the system testing, Expected results, and Performance evaluation.
Summary and conclusion of the design will be presented in Chapter 6. It will be looking at the problems encountered in designing the project and possible solutions to them. From the problems and solutions of this work, the suggestion for further improvement will be stated.
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