ABSTRACT
Nigeria had embarked on different policies and programs for her development since
independence. This paper examines President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Transformation Agenda
on economic restructuring and development in Nigeria and how it will project the economy into
one of the twentieth developed nation by 2020. The study adopted descriptive statistics and chi
square analysis using primary sources of data from licket scale questionnaire. The study findings
reveals that the transformation agenda has significantly improved the . It found that the Agenda
had impacted positively on each sector of the economic restructuring in Nigeria. The study
further found that the challenges that are hindering the successful achievement of the
Transformation Agenda‟s objectives include but not limited to corruption, poor governance,
inconsistency in policy formulation and implementation. The study recommends that with good
leadership and genuine commitment to the goals, the target could be attained as Nigeria is
blessed with ample natural and human resources. The study recommends the need to take bold
steps towards exploiting the maximum benefits, opportunities and strengths of the
Transformation Agenda and alongside reducing the challenges facing it through good
governance
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1
Approval Page……………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
Certification………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
1 Chapter One: Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..8
1.1 Background to the study………………………………………………………………………………………….9
1.2 Statement of the problem………………………………………………………………………………………..10
1.3 Objectives of the study……………………………………………………………………………………………11
1.4 Research Questions………………………………………………………………………………………………..12
1.5 Research Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………………………………13
1.6 Basic Assumptions…………………………………………………………………………………………………13
1.7 Significance of the study…………………………………………………………………………………………13
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1.8 Scope and Limitation……………………………………………………………………………………………..14
1.9 Organization of the study………………………………………………………………………………………..14
1.10 Definition of terms……………………………………………………………………………………………….15
2 Chapter two: Literature Review……………………………………………………………………………15
2.1 Conceptual Clarifications………………………………………………………………………………………15
2.2.1 Transformation agenda……………………………………………………………………………………….16
2.2.2 Job creation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….17
2.2.3 Educational sector……………………………………………………………………………………………..18
2.2.4 Health sector…………………………………………………………………………..19
2.2.5 Governance…………………………………………………………………………….21
2.2.6 Transportation…………………………………………………………………………21
2.2.6 Rail………………………………………………………………………………………..25
2.2.7 Inland waterways……………………………………………………………………..25
2.2.8 Road……………………………………………………………………………………….27
2.2.9
Port……………………………………………………………………………………………….28
2.2.9
Health……………………………………………………………………………………………29
2.222 Economic restructuring……………………………………………………………….39
2.3 Theoretical framework……………………………………………………………………45
3 Chapter three: Research Methodology…………………………………………..50
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3.1
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..50
3.2 Research Design………………………………………………………………………..50
3.3 population of study…………………………………………………………………….51
3.4 Sample size determination………………………………………………………….51
3.5 Sources and data collection…………………………………………………………52
3.6
Instrumentation…………………………………………………………………………………52
3.6.1 Justification of instrument used……………………………………………………..52
3.7 Validity and reliability of research instrument………………………………….53
3.8 Data analyses technique …………………………………………………………………..54
3.9 Limitation of the methodology………………………………………………………….55
4 Chapter four: Data presentation and analyses………………………………..56
4.1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….56
4.2 Data presentation and analyses……………………………………………………….56
4.3 Test of Hypothese………………………………………………………………………..69
4.4 Discussion of findings………………………………………………………………………………………….72
5 Chapter five: Summary of findings, Conclusions and Recommendations ………………..73
5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….73
5.2 Summary of findings………………………………………………………………………74
5.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………75
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5.4 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………….75
5.5 References……………………………………………………………………………………76
5.6 Apendix………………………………………………………………………………………81
CHAPTER ONE
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study:
Nigeria‟s president won the 2011 federal government election on the ground well of popular
support, and the promise of a transformation agenda. There have been a number of visions and
policies pursued by previous Heads of Governments of Nigeria, either under the Military or
Civilian regimes in the recent past. Alhaji Shehu Shagari, who was elected as President of
Nigeria in 1979 and ruled up to January, 1984 tagged his policy as the Green Revolution. This
policy hoped to transform the agricultural sector and use the gains thereafter to revolutionize
other key sectors of the economy. The short period of the leadership of General Muhammadu
Buhari was spent in fighting corruption and instilling discipline in the polity. General Sani
Abacha came into power in 1993 after the controversial annulment of the 1993 Presidential
elections with another policy somersault. His policy package radically de-emphasized the
influence of International institutions and centered mainly on the exploitation of domestic efforts
towards transforming the economy. In 1999, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo was elected as the
President and Commander -in-chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. He took yet another radical
departure from his predecessors. His first four years in office were focused mainly on
consolidating democracy. Thereafter, he concentrated on reforms in Banking and
Telecommunication Sectors. He also initiated the National Economic Empowerment and
Development Strategies (NEEDS).
Another policy reversal was introduced by Alhaji Umaru Yar’adua following his election and
inauguration in May, 2007 as the President and Commander-in-Chief of Nigeria Armed Forces.
His policy package was tagged the 7-Point Agenda where he identified seven sectors of the
economy as the engine room to the transformation of the entire economy. With his demise in
2009, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, the then Vice President, took over as substantive President and
maintained the reform agenda of his predecessor up until May 2011. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
took oath of office as the newly elected President and Commander-in-Chief of Nigeria Armed
Forces on 29th of May, 2011 amidst thunderous expectations of a new dawn, given his humble
background and the mountain of problems and decay that the country has found itself over the
years. Realizing the high expectations, the President promised not to let the people down. ( On
that historic day, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan promised Nigerians a policy package tagged the
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Transformation Agenda when he declared that Together we will unite over our nation and
improve the living standard of all our people whether in the North or in the South; in the East or
in the West. The President further pledged that his leadership will be decidedly transformative
in all critical sectors and that his administration must grow the economy, create jobs and generate
enduring happiness for all and sundry. In addition, the President declared on day that he has
“great confidence in the ability of Nigerians to transform the country and that the urgent task of
his administration is to provide a suitable environment for productive activities to flourish. He
went on to appeal all good people of Nigerian to enlist as agents of the great Transformation
Agenda. Transformation itself is a development strategy aimed at complete or radical change in
the life of an individual, organization, community or even the nation at large. According to the
Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, transformation is a complete change in somebody or
something. Transformation in the life of a person connotes radical attitudinal change from bad to
good or even vice versa. Transformation or reform, particularly in the health institution is a
process that seeks changes in the health sector policies, financing and organization of services as
well as in the role of government to reach national health objectives.
This include the need to expand and strengthen primary health care services throughout the
country, eradicate or eliminate childhood and other preventable diseases through adequate
routine immunization; strengthen all disease control efforts and health promotion activities into
health care at primary care level, reduce environmental and occupational health related morbidity
and mortality; protect the public from the harmful effects of fake drugs, unregistered medicines
and processed foods etc. In the life of a nation, transformation involves structural changes in the
major institutions of governance and the society at large. Thus, on the whole, transformation can
be said to be a total package that involves every facet of the individual, organization or society. It
is meant to be a vehicle for a better society where virtually everyone will be reasonably
comfortable. The Transformation Agenda of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan is yet another
policy somasault in relation to the 7-Point Agenda of his immediate predecessor, late President
Umaru Musa Yar’adua. It is a 5-year development plan, 2011-2015, which also coincides with
the life time of his term in office. the President, upon assumption of office, assembled a vibrant
team of renowned technocrats called the Economic Management Team to midwife and drive the
process through to a successful end. The appointment of the Minister of Finance, a reputable
Economist, clearly indicates the centrality of the economy as the driving force in the success of
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the Transformation Agenda. Thus, the Transformation Agenda of Goodluck Jonathan, from all
intent and purposes, is largely in pursuance of collective national goals and aspirations towards
driving Nigerian into the comity of the 20 largest economies by 2020.
As observed by Itah (2012), the transformation Agenda of Goodluck Jonathan is a policy
package that proposes to reposition the economy by addressing issues of poverty,
unemployment, insecurity and most particularly, the diversification of the entire economy from
total dependence on oil to a significant reliance on non-oil driven economy. The Transformation
agenda of President Goodluck Jonathan seeks to hopefully transform the Nigerian people into a
catalyst for growth and national development. Under the transformation drive, government is
expected to guide Nigerians to build an industrialized modern state that will launch the nation
into the first 20 economies of the world by the year 2020. According to the president himself, in
the presentation of the 2012 budget to the national assembly, he said: As we collectively resolve
to create a brighter and enduring future for all Nigerians, a future of hope and prosperity not
lack, fear or hatred, we must prepare to overcome any adversity that may arise. Accordingly, we
must all be determined and committed to follow through the difficult but balance choices that we
make in piloting the affairs of the great nation. (Jonathan Goodluck, 2011). The Honourable
Minister and Deputy Chairman of the National Planning Commission, and also a member of the
Economic Management Team provided details of the Transformation Agenda of President
Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. According to the Minister, the Transformation Agenda is focused on
three key areas. One, strong, inclusive, non- inflationary growth. This includes efforts on the part
of government to encourage large-scale industries and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES),
revitalize ailing industries, promote agriculture and agro businesses, encourage local content
strategy and develop Information Technology and Communication (ICT) to be the major driver
of the agenda. Two, employment generation and poverty alleviation.
1.2 Statement of problem:
One of the major problems/challenge to the successful delivery of the gains of the
Transformation Agenda is the cancer worm called Economic corruption. Corruption is a social
malaise that has permeated every facet of the life of Nigeria. In the words of Gyong, It cuts
across religion, ethnic, class and geo-political boundaries. The point of difference could be the
magnitude, type and manifestation—. There are many cases of highly placed Nigerians who
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were entrusted with power and resources, but eventually diverted such to their personal gains
(Gyong, 2011:). The above observation has earlier been made by Human Rights Watch as thus
Nigeria political elites, almost without exception, have insatiable capacity to steal from the
common wealth and live the people more impoverished. The Security and Exchange
Commission (SEC) is equally involved in the web of corruption and even the Adhoc Committee
of the House of Representatives to investigate the scandal is equally said to have soiled its hands.
The case of Femi Otedola, a member of the President Goodluck Jonathan Economic Team and a
respected leader of the House of Representatives Committee on the oil subsidy regime, Mr.
Farouk Lawan are also alleged to be involved in Three Million Dollar scandal. Similarly, there is
the pension scam involving about N273 billion. These cases of corruption are only the few
known ones that are alleged to have been perpetrated of recent. Consequently, Jim Unah, a pubic
commentator in the Sunday Mirror of June 17, 2012 observed that with every one accusing
everyone else of mind-blowing official graft and complicity in corruption-from Auta to Farida
Waziri, from Salami to Katsina-Alu, from Hembe to Oteh, from Otedola to Lawan, and from
Tambuwal to Jonathan; The above illustrations clearly attest to the fact that the Transformation
Agenda of President Goodluck Jonathan is most likely going to be confused by similar scandals
of corruption. This is against the backdrop that corruption in Nigeria is endemic and has
permeated every individual and sector. It has the tendency to increase leakages and wastages in
government expenditure; poverty in both absolute and relative terms; insecurity of lives and
property; Hindrance to both local and foreign investments and finally loss of faith and
confidence in government operators, institutions and policies including the Transformation
Agenda. Nigeria‟s economic performance in the two decades prior to economic reforms was
generally poor. It is against this background this study seeks to empirically investigate the impact
of Goodluck jonathan transformation agenda and economic restructuring on the economic
development in Nigeria.
1.3 Objective of study.
The aim and objective of the study of the topic Nigeria‟s transformation agenda and economic
restructuring is to point out the successes and failure of President GoodLuck Jonathan in
Nigeria‟s economic development in the last 4 years. The specific objectives are:
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To examine the impact of President GoodLuck Jonathan Agricultural revolution and food
security agenda on economic development in Nigeria.
To Examine the influence of President GoodLuck Jonathan infrastructural development agenda
on economic development in Nigeria.
To investigate how President GoodLuck Jonathan fight against Corruption and anticorruption
policies in the oil sectors impacted on the economic development in Nigeria.
1.4 Research question
To what extent has the President GoodLuck Jonathan Agricultural revolution and food security
agenda impacted on economic development in Nigeria?
To what extent has the President GoodLuck Jonathan infrastructural development agenda
influenced economic development in Nigeria?
To what extent has the President GoodLuck Jonathan fight against Corruption and anticorruption
policies in the oil sectors impacted on the economic development in Nigeria?
1.5 Research hypothesis.
Hypothesis one
H01: Agricultural revolution and food security agenda by President GoodLuck Jonathan
administration has significantly contributed to the development of Nigeria economy.
Ha1: Agricultural revolution and food security agenda by President GoodLuck Jonathan
administration have not significantly contributed to the development of Nigeria economy
Hypothesis two
H02: Infrastructural development agenda by President GoodLuck Jonathan administration have
significant contribution to the development of Nigeria economy
Ha2: Infrastructural development agenda by President GoodLuck Jonathan administration have
no significant contribution to the development of Nigeria economy
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Hypothesis three
H03: Corruption and anticorruption policies in the oil sector by President GoodLuck Jonathan
administration have significant improvement on the economy of Nigeria.
Ha3: Corruption and anticorruption policies in the oil sector by President GoodLuck Jonathan
administration have no significant improvement on the economy of Nigeria
1.6 Significant of study
Nigeria‟s transformation agenda must see the country move from oil dominated to a more
diversified economy. The significant of this study to do an in depth analysis of the causes of the
failure and success of the Nigeria economic restructuring. The research will help to bring
answers to some unanswered questions. The study also seeks to capture the role of leadership in
economic success and failure.
1.7 Organisation of the study.
This study will be divided into five chapters for easy understanding and clarification. Chapter
one is the background and introduction of the study which covers the statement of problem,
objective of the study and significance of the study amongst other. Chapter two covers literature
review the theoretical framework. Chapter 3 would focus on the methodology used for data
collection. For the purpose of this study, the research would employ secondary data as its
research methodology. Secondary data would include publications, books, articles, magazines
and internet sources. The researcher (me) visited the Afe babalola university library in other to
source and gather available data.
Chapter four would be devoted to the role, contribution and achievement, success and failure of
the Nigeria transformation agenda and economic restructuring. Chapter five would conclude the
study by giving a detailed summary of the entire work and making some recommendation based
on the finding of the study.
1.8 Definitions of terms:
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It is necessary to attempt a definition of some key concept of this study. Definition of the
following terms;
Transformation: Capable of being changed (changes)
Green revolution: The introduction of pesticides and high yield grains and better management
during the 1960s and 1970s which greatly increased agriculture productivity.
Corruption: lack of integrity or honesty especially susceptibility to bribery, use of a position of
trust for dishonest gain.
Unemployment: the state of being unemployed or without no job.
Security: Being free
Immunization: The act of making immune especially by inoculations.
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