ABSTRACT
This project was done to bring to lime light the appropriate method of solid waste handling, separation and utilization, in order to reduce the impact on the environment – environmental degradation. In this work, effort was made to point out the required steps taken in solid waste management.
Segregation at the source was done to get either the vegetable waste separated from the plastic waste; metallic waste from plastic waste. Segregation at the source was carried out to avert difficulties associated with waste (solid) handling, separation and in general the management of waste.
More still, the biodegradable more further treated as in composting; and non biodegradable treated as in recycling of metals (Aluminium) or plastics; all geared towards ensuring that wastes (litters) were not towering to an outrageous extent, such that the stench would not upset public health. The waste can be incinerated or burnt as in combustion.
There are various use to which the solid wastes are put; use as manure to increase and supplement the soil nutrient requirement; the gas (methane) effusing from the compost could be tapped and sold on a domestic gas; while combustion facilities burn municipal solid waste at a high temperature reducing waste volume and generating electricity.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ii
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL iii
APPROVAL PAGE iv
DEDICATION vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
ABSTRACT viii
TABLE OF CONTENT x
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER TWO
- SOLID WASTE MGT. SEPARATION
AND UTILIZATION 3
- SOLID WASTE (SEWAGE) TREATMENT 5
2.2A SCREENINGS 5
2.2B GRIT COLLECTION 5
2.3C SLUDGE 5
2.4D PRIMARY SLUDGE 6
2.5E TRICKLING FILTER SLUDGE 6
2.5F ACTIVATED SLUDGE 6
- DIGESTION 7
2.2.1A SLUDGE GAS 10
2.2.1B SLUDGE – DRYING BEDS 10
2.2.1C SLUDGE PROCESSING 11
- SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL 12
2.3A INCINERATION OF SLUDGE (SOLID WASTE)12
2.3B BURIAL 13
2.3C DRYING 13
- SOLID WASTE REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE 15
2.4A COARSE SOLID REMOVAL 16
2.4B FIND SOLID REMOVAL 17
2.4C SEDIMENTATION 17
2.4D CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION 19
- OXIDATION PROCESSES 20
2.5A FILTRATION 21
2.5B AERATION 22
2.5C ACTIVATED SLUDGE 23
- MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) 23
- HAZARDOUS WASTE 25
- HOSPITAL WASTE 26
- SEGREGATION 27
- RECYCLING AND REUSE 28
- COMPOSITION 28
- UTILIZATION 29
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 DESIGN OF NEW CONCEPTS AND
PROCESSES 30
3.1A STREAM NUMBER, NAME, AND
DESCRIPTION 30
3.1B EQUIPMENT CODE, NAME,
AND DESCRIPTION 32
- PRACTICAL MEASUREMENT OF HEAPS OF SOLID WASTE
CHAPTER FOUR
DISCUSSION 38
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION 40
REFERENCES 42
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Solid waste is among those used items, which found no use at the material time.
Humankind has been generating waste over the years, but recently, with progress of civilization, the waste generated became of a more complex nature.
As such the need to separate and utilize them became paramount than ever; the attendant utility derivable from the separated and proceed waste should not but be overemphasized.
This we research on the various methods of separation and utilization of solid waste in chapter two alongside with the accompanying chemical treatment of the sludge, while in chapter three effort will be made to design a concept that can separate, process and utilize the waste generated in our locality together with the calculation of the capacity of a waste bin, and that of the waste generation of an area. Finally, chapter four in the discussion of what got done in the proceeding chapter followed by conclusion and appendix (map of Enugu Urban).
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