ABSTRACT
The study is on Staff Welfare Policies and Employee Productivity: A Study of Senior Staff Association ff Nigerian Universities Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State. The survey research method was adopted for the study and the study relied on primary and secondary data. The objectives of the study is to examine the effects of staff welfare policies on employee productivity. Three hypothesis were formulated as guide to the study. Data generated were presented in frequency table and analyzed using simple percentage and the hypotheses were tested using t-test. The findings from this research show that the implementation of welfare policies by senior staff association of Nigerian universities Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra state has to a large extent affected the performance of workers and that there is a significant relationship between employee welfare program and increased productivity in the public sector. The study recommend that these welfare program should be reviewed at least every two years to accommodate current needs of employees and that welfare committee should be formed to take care of matters relating to welfare programs in Odumegwu Ojukwu University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page i
Title Page ii
Declaration iii
Certification iv
Approval page v
Dedication vi
Acknowledgements vii
Table of Contents viii-ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Research Questions 3
1.4 Purpose of the Study 4
1.5 Significance of the Study 5
1.6 Scope of the Study 6
1.7 Limitations of the Study 6
1.8 Definition of Terms 7
1.9 Organizations of the Study 9
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
2.1 Literature Review 11
2.2 Theoretical Framework 23
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design 29
3.2 Area of the Study 29
3.3 Population of the Study 30
3.4 Sample size and Sampling Techniques 30
3.5 Method of Data Collection 31
3.6 Instruments for Data Collection 31
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument 31
3.8 Validity of the Instrument 32
3.9 Distribution and Retrieval of Instruments 32
3.10 Method of Data Analysis 32
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Data Presentation 34
4.2 Analysis of Research Questions 37
4.3 Interpretation of Results 43
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of findings 45
5.2 Conclusion 45
5.3 Recommendations 46
References 48
Appendix A 49
Appendix B 50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
One of the basic functions of management practice is to determine how employee can be motivated to high production by satisfying their needs. This assignment presupposes that every worker have some internet urges which propel him in specific direction towards the realization of this entire life’s ambition.
According to Anikpo (1984) direction of these urges or need differs from one employee to another. However, certain uniform clusters of needs have been very easy to determine and when this need are being provided it will help to enhance productivity in the public sector.
According to Nzelibe and Ezeonwu (2004) the assumption that Nigerian worker are motivated to perform more by increase wages and other salary supplement such as pay leaves, free health care programmers, bonuses, pension and gravity plans insurance have received some support from both labour unions and Nigeria government consequently fringe and welfare benefits have become common supplement to wages in Nigeria establishment.
Amachi (1984) point a very clear practice of the impact and relevance of employee welfare when he contended thus: it could be unreasonable to support that people would convince to find satisfaction in co-operation in company affairs, if no reciprocal interest is shown in their individual needs and problems.
In Nigeria, the agitation for the fulfillment of employee needs have cultivated in many service dispute from the several strike of 1945, through the shooting of coal Mince at Enugu in 1449, deck employee strike of 1964, and the very recent minimum wage strike of 2013. However, as Amachi (1984) contends a sound and equitable administered program of staff welfare programs is an important and integral part of a well balanced public service relations. Such welfare programs has the advantages of providing needed protection of employees, improving moral helping to give a sense of capacity and pride which adding to the company’s reputation in the community as a good place of work attracting desirable applicants and provide an incentives for quality performance on the job.
The motive of this study is to review the essence of welfare program in one public sector. This welfare program will helps to motivate employees for better job performance and also reduce employer and employee crisis. By so doing these will be improvement in productivity of the public sector.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Staff welfare policies are issues which every employers or organization must handle properly. No organization can function effectively without a productive staff and the staff can only be productive when they receive motivational incentives. These incentives helps in boosting their morale and motivate them to put in their very best for the actualization of the goals of the organization.
In the public sector, staff were observed to be less dedicated to work and this is as a result of lack of motivational incentives from management. This invariably result to low productivity.
It is because of this that the researcher wished to examine the effect of staff welfare policies and employee productivity using senior staff association of Nigeria University, Anambra State University, Igbariam Campus as a case study.
1.4 Research Questions
In order to fulfill the research objectives, the following research questions were posed and would be addressed.
- Is there any significant relationship between employee welfare program and increased productivity of senior staff association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State?
- To what extent has the implementation of employee welfare policies affected the productivity of Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State?
- Are the welfare policies adopted by senior staff Association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State effective?
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The broad objective of this study is to examine the effect of staff welfares policies and employee productivity of senior staff association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, while the specific objectives are as follows:
- To determine the relationship between welfare programs and increased productivity of senior staff association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State?
- To determine the extent to which the implementation of employee welfare policies has affected productivity of staff of senior staff association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State?
- To find out if the welfare policies adopted by the senior staff association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, are effective.
- Significance of the Study
The research is very relevant as it will unravel how staff welfare policies can bring about an increased productivity and efficiency of senior staff association of Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State.
The study will be relevant to the government and policy makers, because through the recommendations at the end of the study, the government will be able to understand those necessary incentives that have the capacity of improving the productivity of its employee.
The significance of the study shall also extend to the general public who will then understand how best it will help organizations. And even to the students who may be given work of this nature in future.
Above all, the study will contribute to the existing knowledge or literature and serve as a foundation upon which other studies will be made regarding staff welfare policies and employee productivity.
1.6 Scope of the Study
Due to the huge financial involvement in the research coupled with the congested academic activities, this study was limited to SSAN, Nigerian Universities, in Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
A topic of this nature is bound to produce one type of the limitation or the other. The following limitations were inherent in the study.
- Time: This was a major constraint on the researcher during the period of the work considering the limited time given for the study, these was no much time to give this research the needed attention.
- Finance: Owing to the financial difficulty prevalent in the country and its resultant prices of commodities, transportation fares, research material etc. The research did not find it easy meeting all this financial obligation.
- Information Constraints: Obtaining the necessary information relevant to the area of the study was not easy for the researcher.
Although these problems placed limitation on the study, but it detailed and comprehensive research work on the subject matter.
1.8 Definition of Terms
- Workplace: Is a location where someone works for his or her employer, a place of employment. Such a place can range term a home office to a large office building or factory for industrialized societies, the workplace is one of the most important social spaces other than the home, consulting a central concept for several entitles, the workers and his or her family, the employing organization. The customers of the organization, and the society as a whole. The development of new communication technologies have led to the development of the virtual workplace, a workplace that is not located in any one physical space.
- Labour: The work done by a group of workers or by a particular worker is referred to as that which is labour. Every worker or employee should receive a fair price for the product of his/her labour and the unemployed cannot withdraw their labour, they have no power on it.
- Policy Makers: Individuals usually members of the board of directors who have the authority to set the policy framework of an organization and also a member of a government department legislature or other organization who is responsible for making new rules and laws for the employee
- Employee Welfare: Entails everything from services, facilities and benefits that are provided or done by an employer for the advantage or comfort of an employee. It is undertaken in order to motivate employees and raise the productivity levels.
- Staff Association; A group of employees that provides support and advice for people working within the same organization, especially in any official discussion with management relating to their responsibilities and pay.
- Motivation; Motivation simply means behavior caused by some stimulus but direct towards a desired out come in this context, motivation could be viewed as the act of directing workers behavior towards a particular and through the manipulating of incentives.
- Productivity; Productivity here means the output of an employee resulting from a given resources input at a given time. It can also means the commitment of an employee towards the achievement of organizational goals.
- Efficiency; This refers to an input-output relationship that is achieving maximum productivity with minimum input of energy or resources.
- Morale; It means the level of confidence or optimism of an employee or group of workers and the management.
- Welfare service; It refers to items in the total package offered to employee over and above salary, which increase their wealth or well-being at some cost to the employer.
- Organization; This is a combination of people or individual efforts making together in pursuit of certain common purposes.
- SSANU; Senior staff association of Nigeria Universities.
1.9 Organization of the Study
This study is mapped out in five chapters which chapter one is the introduction, the background to the study, statement of the problems research question, purpose of the study, the significant of the study, scope of the study, definition of the terms and organization of the study. Chapter two deals on literature review and theoretical framework. Chapter three is research design, area of the study, population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, method of data collection , instrument for data collection, reliability and validity of the instrument, distribution and retrieval of instrument and method of data analysis. Chapter four is data presentation and analysis. Chapter five deals with summary, conclusion and recommendation.
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