ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to find out the strategies for improving poor Environmental Sanitation in the student’s hostel of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambre State. In carrying out the study, four research questions were framed and questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The researcher first used simple random sampling to sample out (9) hostel in the college there by having 601 population. Due to large number of the population after sampling, the researcher randomly sampled again 3 hostel out of the 9 hostels sampled earlier with the final population of 280 which now formed the sample size. The mean was the method used for data analysis. Nigeria is a country endowed with wide human and economic potential, but every effort aimed at moving towards the attainment of rightful position on functional educational perspectires that would eventually lead to the desired growth economically and academically still remain a mirage. For this reason, this study x – rays that some causes of poor Environmental Sanitation are; ignorance of students towards their health, shortage of goods water supply in the hostels etc. it also revealed that some of the effects of poor environmental sanitation among students include; indiscriminate dumping of refuse, constant sickness of student etc. it further revealed the disease that is associated with poor Environmental Sanitation as Typhoid. The study recommended among others; adequate provision of water supply, Health Education Programmes to be included in the school curriculum, adequate provision of sewage disposal bins etc.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of content
Abstract
Chapter One
- Introduction
- Background of the study
- Statement of the problem
- Purpose of the study
- Significance of the study
- Scope of the study
- Research question
Chapter Two
- Literature Review
- Concept of Environmental Sanitation
- Causes of Poor Environmental Sanitation
- Effects of Poor Environment Sanitation
- common water and sanitation – related diseases which result from oor environmental sanitation
- Strategies for improving poor environmental sanitation
- Summary of Literature Review
Chapter Three
- Research methodology
- Design of the study
- Are of study
- Population of the study
- Sample and sampling technique
- Instrument for data collection
- Method of data collection
- Method of data Analysis
- Decision rule
Chapter Four
- Data representation and analysis
- Summary of major findings
Chapter Five
- Discussion of major findings
- Implication of the study
- Limitations
- Suggestion or further studies
- Recommendation
- Conclusion
- Reference
- Appendices
LIST OF TABLE
Table I: Population of the study
Table ii: Sample of the study
Table iii: Responses on the causes of poor Environmental sanitation in the students hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
Table IV: responses on the effects of poor Environmental Sanitation in the students hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
Table VI: responses in the strategies for improving poor Environmental Sanitation in the student hostels of Nwafor Orizu Colege of Education, Nsugbe.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUTION
Background of the study:
Life is man’s most valuable possession and its fullness demands good health. Ugbe (2002) opined that, “cleanliness is next to godliness, a healthy nation is a wealthy nation”. It is difficult to define health without mentioning diseases. The two are inseparable. Good health is a state where the body is free from sickness and also a state of being well.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as ‘’a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” The WHO’s 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion further stated that health is not just a state, but also “a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living’’. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capabilities.
Dubos in Odigbo (2002) noted that health is a manifestation of how we are adapting to the stress in our lives, such as psychological, physical and social stress. Voltmer (2004) noted that health is so important to be trusted to an individual or family initiative alone. Good health suggests successful adaptation to the stress of life while bad health indicates failure in the adaptive process. Thus, the concept of health relates to the level of a person’s total capacity for living.
Educators realized that whatever the objectives for education might be, health aids in its progress since health embraces every aspect of life at home, in the school, on the streets and in the community. Many organizations as well as personnel are therefore interested in student’s health and how it affects their academic performances in school. And to ensure good health, the environment in which we live must be kept clean because poor environmental sanitation leads to the spread of diseases.
Thus environmental sanitation according to the World Health Organization (2002) is “the control of all those factors in man’s physical, mental and social environment which can exercise or may exercise a harmful effect on his environment”.
Environmental Sanitation simply refers to the keeping of the environment clean and safe. It also refers to the proper maintenance of trash and garbage to support a healthy environment. It is a set of actions geared towards improving the quality of the environment and reducing the amount of diseases. By so doing, living conditions can be improved.
According to Ezeji (2006), there is a compelling need to talk about sanitation in schools especially in tertiary institutions in Nigeria today. The need to raise this issue is to call attention to a system that is quietly being ignored despite the unwholesome damage it causes. Stressing further, he said that there are many institutions in Nigeria that lack basic facilities like latrines. Visit any tertiary iinstitution in Nigeria and request to use the latrines. It is either you find your way in the student’s hostels where you will be faced with dirty and filthy latrines or you endure the discomfort that goes with sudden or unexpected urge to defecate. Although adequate sanitary facilities and hygiene practices form essential components of an enabling learning environment and quality education, the reality is that many schools have no latrine/toilet at all. In cases where there are toilet facilities, hand washing facilities which are clean are either not being used by the student, or inaccessible to the students due to lack of water.
In our tertiary institutions, most students do not make out time to sweep their individual rooms, let alone keeping the whole environment clean. Weekends are worse hit because the cleaners employed by the institutions do not come to work and the whole environment will be in a mess. These attitudes of the students, therefore, have adverse effects on their health. Based on this poor attitude of students, the researcher considered it necessary to find out the strategies for improving poor environmental sanitations in the students’ hostels in the tertiary institutions, using Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe as a survey study.
Statement of the problem:
Poor environmental sanitation in tertiary institutions has become a disturbing issue causing a lot of harm on student’s health. Everyone desires vibrant mental and emotional health that will contribute to achievement, attractive personality and happiness but on the contrary, the whole environment is usually a mess and as a result making it an eyesore. Infectious diseases like candidiasis, and other skin infections are common among the students. Insects and rodents always have free days especially at the toilet thereby making the whole environment unconducive for living and learning. Based on these factors, the researcher decided to offer some strategies for solving these problems in the student’s hostels.
Purpose of the study:
The purpose of this study is to find out the strategies to be adopted in improving the poor environmental sanitation in the student’s hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe. Specifically the study intends to:
- Determine the causes of poor environmental sanitation in the hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
- Find out the effects of the poor environmental sanitation in the hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
- Examine the common water and sanitation-related diseases in the hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
- Profer some solutions to be adopted in improving the environmental sanitation in the hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
Significance of the study:
The findings of this study will be of good help to the students in Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe on how to develop a sound and healthy attitude of mind, and the habit of keeping their surroundings clean for the prevention of communicable diseases.
It will help to identify some psychological barriers among the workers there which predispose them to act in manners contrary to the desired health principles and acceptable behavior.
Finally, this research will also be of good help by ensuring that the students are exposed to the aftermath of poor environmental sanitation and as such, they will always be clean. If the lecturers are in good health as well as the students, adequate knowledge will be transferred to the students who will in turn respond positively to the stimulus for a better performance and fruitful future.
Scope of the study:
This work investigates the strategies for improving poor environmental sanitation in the student’s hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe in Anambra East of Anambra State. The work is limited to only nine (3) hostels out of the nineteen (19) hostels in the college.
Research Questions:
The following research questions were formulated to guide the study:
- What are the causes of poor environmental sanitation in the students’ hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe?
- What are the effects of poor environmental sanitation in the students’ hostels of Nwafore Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe.
- What are the common water and sanitation-related diseases that result from poor environmental sanitation in the students’ hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe?
- What are the strategies to be adopted in improving poor environmental sanitation in the students’ hostels of Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe?
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