Abstract
Managing the student’s accommodation application process at College of Agriculture
Lafia is a complex and time-sensitive task. This research work deals with the problems of
managing and allocating hostels to students in College of Agriculture Lafia and to avoid
the problems which occur when carried out manually. The aim of this research work
“Online Hostel Management System” is to develop a web based system with a central
database that will automatically allocate rooms to students, manage records related to the
hostel, the system designed will keep track of all the available hostel rooms, their
occupants and fund generated from hostel fee. Information for this research work was
collected from two forms of data which are primary and secondary data. These are done
by semi structured interviews and exploitation of the services of the library from
textbooks, journals, internet and other materials for purpose of better understanding. The
new system was implemented using PHP and MySQL. The result of the research is a
Hostel Management and Allocation System for College of Agriculture Lafia.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………… x
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… v
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… x
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY …………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COLLEGE ……………………………….. 1
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ……………………………………………………………………. 3
1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………. 3
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY …………………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.6 LIMITATIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………………………… 4
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………………………… 6
2.1 DEFINITION OF HOSTEL………………………………………………………………………………… 6
2.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HOSTEL ……………………………………………………. 6
2.3 STUDENT HOUSING IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS……………………….. 7
2.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS………………………………………………………………………………. 8
2.5 COLLEGE MANAGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………… 9
2.6 STUDENT MANAGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………. 11
2.7 CURRENT SYSTEM AT COLLEGE OF AGRIC LAFIA …………………………………… 12
2.8 OTHER RELATED WORKS……………………………………………………………………………. 13
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………… 16
3.1 THE METHODOLOGY FOR THIS WORK ………………………………………………………. 16
3.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY …………………….. 16
3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………………………………………… 17
3.2.1 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM…………………………………………………. 17
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3.2.2 ADVANTAGES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM………………………………………….. 17
3.2.3 DISADVANTAGES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM…………………………………….. 17
3.2.4 ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED ………………. 18
3.2.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED SYSTEM…………………………………….. 18
3.2.6 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM……………………………………………….. 19
3.2.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM………………………………………… 19
3.2.8 DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM…………………………………… 19
3.3 DATA COLLECTION METHOD……………………………………………………………………… 20
3.3.1 PRIMARY SOURCE OF DATA ………………………………………………………………… 20
3.3.2 SECONDARY SOURCE OF DATA …………………………………………………………… 20
3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION ………………………………………………………. 20
3.4.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM………………………………………………………………………….. 21
3.4.2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODEL …………………………………………………………… 24
3.4.3 USE CASE MODEL………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
3.5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ……………………………………………………………………………. 27
3.5.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS …………………………………………………………….. 28
3.5.2 INPUT REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………………………………………. 28
3.5.3 OUTPUT REQUIREMENTS……………………………………………………………………… 28
3.5.4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ………………………………….. 28
3.6 TABLE SPECIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………….. 29
3.7 DESIGN TOOLS FOR THE PROJECT……………………………………………………………… 32
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS …………………………………. 35
4.1 ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………. 35
4.2.1 THE HOME PAGE……………………………………………………………………………………. 36
4.2.2 THE USER’S LOGIN PAGE……………………………………………………………………… 37
4.2.3 THE STUDENTS MODULE ……………………………………………………………………… 38
4.2.4 APPLICATION MODULE ………………………………………………………………………… 39
4.2.5 VIEW APPLICATION MODULE………………………………………………………………. 40
4.2.6 STUDENT’S PROFILE MODULE …………………………………………………………….. 41
4.2.7 CHANGE PASSWORD MODULE…………………………………………………………….. 42
4.2.8 THE ADMIN MODULE ……………………………………………………………………………. 43
4.2.9 HOSTEL APPLICATION/ APPROVAL PAGE …………………………………………… 44
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4.2.10 HOSTEL MODULE ………………………………………………………………………………. 45
4.2.11 VIEW HOSTEL…………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
4.2.12 ADD ROOMS……………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
4.2.13 VIEW ROOMS ……………………………………………………………………………………… 48
4.2.14 VIEW STUDENTS PAGE………………………………………………………………………. 49
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………… 50
5.1 SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50
5.2 REVIEW OF ACHIEVEMENT ………………………………………………………………………… 51
5.3 AREAS OF APPLICATION …………………………………………………………………………….. 51
5.4 CONTRIBUTION TO THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE………………………………………. 51
5.5 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES ……………………………………………………….. 51
5.6 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
5.7 RECOMMENDATION ……………………………………………………………………………………. 52
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 53
APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
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List of Tables
Table 1: Student’s Data Table………………………………………………………………….30
Table 2: programme table……………………………………………………………………….30
Table 3: hostel table…………………………………………………………………………….31
Table 4: Room table…………………………………………………………………………….31
Table 5: Fees structure table…………………………………………………………………….32
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List of Figures
Figure 3.1 Context DFD…………………………………………………………………22
Figure 3.2: Level 1 DFD………………………………………………………………….23
Figure 3.3: Level 2 DFD………………………………………………………………….24
Figure 3.4: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)…………………………………………25
Figure 3.5: Use case diagram…………………………………………………………….27
Figure 4.1: The homepage……………………………………………………………….36
Figure 4.2: The user’s login page…………………………………………………………37
Figure 4.3: The Students Module………………………………………………………..38
Figure 4.4: Application Module…………………………………………………………39
Figure 4.5: View Application Module……………………………………………………40
Figure 4.6: Student’s Profile Module…………………………………………………….41
Figure 4.7: Change Password Module……………………………………………………42
Figure 4.8: The Admin Module………………………………………………………….43
Figure 4.9: Hostel Application/Approval Page………………………………………….44
Figure 4.10: Hostel Module……………………………………………………………..45
Figure 4.11: View Hostel……………………………………………………………….46
Figure 4.12: Add Rooms……………………………………………………………….47
Figure 4.13: View Rooms………………………………………………………………48
Figure 4.14: View Student’s Page………………………………………………………49
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Acknowledgements
I want to first of all thank the Almighty God for granting me good health and protection
throughout my stay in Federal University Lafia most especially in the course of this research
work. Glory be to God.
The completion of this project was possible, thanks to the cooperation and support of a number
of people, for their inestimable investment in my education; God will surely reward you and will
help me not to fail you.
To my project supervisor, Mr Agushaka Jeffrey O. apart from accepting the noble task of
supervising my project work, you have been like a father to me, thanks for everything.
To the head of department Computer science, Federal university Lafia Prof. D.N Choji, you have
been a daddy all the way, I really do appreciate your words of encourage, advice and the love
shown to us, may the almighty God richly bless you.
To all the lecturers of Computer Science department. Thanks for impacting the best of your
knowledge into me.
I would also like to express my appreciation to Mr. Alaku Habila Akolo, for his support, advice
and encouragement throughout my stay in Federal University lafia.
I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends Joseph Ani, Yammu Abdon, Prince Anyebe,
Hauwa Mohammed, Lawal Godwin, Nkom Odock, Jimoh Tope, Alhaji Lawal Hamza Rabiu,
Daje Jesse Jonathan for their friendship and encouragements.
To my siblings, Blessing, Joshua (slim), Benjamin (yungswag), Adigidzi, Amos, Isreal (Atari),
Ashedzi for always being there for me. Finally to my prince Raymond Akolo I love u.
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Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
Hostel by definition is an establishment which provides cheap food and lodging for
specific group of people, it is also seen as a home for students when staying away from
their home. It has large well ventilated dormitories and single rooms and is situated in the
school premises. Providing clean and calm hostel accommodation is one of the key
responsible of school management.
To manage the hostel facilities, a lot of data need to be maintained such as number of
student hostel can accommodate, hostel rules and regulation, hostel fee, hostel in and out
of student, guest and visitor record and so on. So, this needs the system which has an
ability to capture all kind of data and information and analyze it properly for smooth
functioning of the hostel. Hostel warden can easily maintain the data.
Hostel Management in schools often involves administering of all activities of students.
All these still remain difficult and require some job for the top management. Hostel
Management functions and responsibilities in modern day schools have always been a
problem in managing, because of the manual system method of tools they use. Hostel
Management System is well designed specially to meet challenges of administrative set
up of any school.
Hostel Management System (HMS) can be used to assist in student’s allocation, setup
hostel information, hostel application, and visitor management. In short, this system will
assist the staff in managing some of the hostel activities.
1.2 Brief Historical Background of the College
The institution was established in 1977 under the ministry of agriculture as a training
school. In 1987, the school was elevated to the status of a college of agriculture
promulgated by the then plateau state government by virtue of edict No. 13 of 1987 to
higher national diploma levels. Following the creation of Nasarawa State October 1996,
the enabling law was reenacted as edict No. 15 of 1998 by the state government and
subsequently to reflect the new dispensation as Nasarawa State College of agriculture,
lafia.
2
The objectives for establishing the institution by the Edict No, 15 of 1998 are:
1. To train people to acquire technical and vocational skills, which are needed for the
economic and social development of Nasarawa State and Nigeria as a whole
especially in the field of agriculture.
2. To train and provide people who could improve the quality of the environment by
applying their acquired knowledge in finding solutions to our environmental
problems for the conveniences of members of the society.
3. To inculcate the spirit of self-reliance, industry and versatility in students.
4. Community service oriented training and provides opportunity for students to be able
to appreciate the standard of technology in all its complexities.
5. Character-training and promotion of opportunity for job orientation.
6. Instilling into students the desire for achievement excellence and live-long education.
7. Developing national consciousness and loyalty to truth and honesty.
List of schools and academic departments
The school system came into effect from April, 1998 and each school is headed by a
Dean. The schools are:
a. School of Agriculture (SOA) with:
i. Department of Animal Science (AS);
ii. Department of Crop Production Technology (CPT);
iii. Department of Horticulture And Landscape Technology (HLT);
iv. Department of Fisheries Technology (FST);
b. School of Agriculture Engineering with:
i. Department of Agriculture Engineering (AE);
ii. Department of Agricultural Technology (AGT);
c. School of Basic Science and General Studies with:
i. Department of Basic Science (BS);
ii. Department of General Studies (GS);
d. School Of Agriculture Extension and Home Economics with:
i. Department Of Agricultural Extension And Management (AEM);
ii. Department of Home And Rural Economics (HRE);
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1.3 Statement of the Problem
The growing number of students in higher institutions all over the world has posed a lot
of accommodation problem on the part of students and school management. At College
of Agriculture Lafia, the whole process of hostel allocation and management is done
manually. The few hostels that exist in the college are not properly managed. Statistics of
the number of rooms required to match the growing number of students are far-fetched.
Most often, the overall process is time consuming and requires a lot of effort, student’s
information retrieval is difficult and records are unsecured due to manual method of
storage using hard cover notes. Hostel administrators cannot give accurate information of
the occupancy of a particular room. These and many more form the statement of the
problem that necessitated this research work.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of the research work is to develop hostel management software that will manage
the hostel activities of College of Agriculture Lafia.
The main objectives of the research include:
a. Identify and model the requirements specification to develop the system.
b. Design and develop a central database system that would serve as hostel database,
which will contain all the records related to Hostel.
c. Provide online student application for students to apply for hostel.
d. To upgrade from manual means of student’s hostel management.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of this research work is centred on the development of hostel management
system for College of Agriculture Lafia. This project which is web-based, automates the
student’s hostel application process, allocates rooms to students, notifies students of their
application status anytime they log onto the portal and also maintains the integrity of the
information being processed by using password to limit access to only approved
individuals. The system also creates automatic database for the storage of students and
staffs information.
4
1.6 Limitations
Some of the limitations of the proposed system are:
a. The system cannot handle online payment of student’s accommodation fee and
maintenance fee.
b. The system cannot handle other hostel issues such as mess activities because the
existing system does not have one.
1.7 Significance of the Study
The new system designed for computer driven student’s hostel management and
allocation will among other things: Facilitate timely allocation of hostel rooms to
students, Check the hostel occupancy at any time for information management Sum up
the total amount realized from hostel fee each session, Enable management to plan on
improving hostel living condition, have first-hand information on the statistics of students
in the hostel, so also keeps the records of staffs employed to work in the hostel.
1.8 Definition of Terms
1. Hostel: A hostel is a home for students when staying away from their home. It
has large well ventilated dormitories and single rooms and is situated in the
school premises.
2. A Management Information System (MIS): Is a system that provides
information needed to manage organizations effectively.
3. Hostel Management System: is a software that manage the activities of staff and
students in the hostel, the system enables students to apply online for hostels and
the system allocates rooms to the students in the hostels.
4. Data: Historically, data referred to known facts that could be recorded and stored
on computer media. These are facts made up of text, numbers, images, and
sounds.
5. Databases: A systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so
that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated. It is also called Databank.
6. Computer Program: This is a set of instruction that guides the computer on the
action to perform.
5
7. System: system is a combination or arrangement of parts to form an integrated
whole. A system includes an orderly arrangement according to some common
principles or rules.
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