Name: A STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE BUS TICKETING SYSTEM
Price: 5000.00 NGN
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ABSTRACT

This project addresses the study and development of an Online Bus Ticketing System web portal to enable users, both the bus operators and the customers to make an online bus ticket sale/ purchase and act as an operation tool for bus operators to operate their organization effectively. Traditionally, bus ticket purchase has been over the counter in bus terminals, however, today it has evolved with the rapid expansion of e-commerce. Thus, prior to developing the system, a this research critically assess and study the reason behind the evolution and the current e-ticketing systems. This project also addresses the problems faced by customers and bus operators especially on illegal bus operators, long wait to purchase a bus ticket, unsafe environment and many more. The research studies some issues on implementation and also recommendations on how Online Bus Ticketing System web portal can take place effectively. This research recommends on a star ranking system based on monthly sales, bus operator popularity and law traffic offences. This research also recommends a Decision Support System to deal with the customer’s requirement whereby it provides reliable choices to a customer to make decision. This research includes the development of a prototype Online Bus Ticketing System web portal to support the research objective. This web portal will assist in future development that would support a fully integrated system that links bus operators to customers, bus operators to bus operators, bus operators to other mode of transport providers, bus operator to businesses and bus operators to government agencies.

	*TABLE OF CONTENTS*
CONTENTS		PAGE
Abstract		i
Acknowledgement		ii
Table of Contents		iii
List of Figures		ix
List of Tables		xiii
List of Appendices		xiv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION		1
1.1	Introduction	1
1.2	Problem Statement	4
1.3	Objectives	8
1.4	Scope of the Research	10
1.5	Significance of the Research	12
1.6	Methodology	12
1.7	Organization of Thesis	15
1.8	Expected Research Outcome	17
1.9	Conclusion	18

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1	Introduction		19
2.2	E- Commerce		19
2.3	Business to Consumer (B2C)		20
2.4	Portal		21
2.5	Management Information System		22
2.6	Decision Support System		24
2.7	Security		25
2.8	Payment		27
2.9	Analysis of Puduraya Bus Terminal		31
2.10	Ticketing System		34
	2.10.1 Analysis on the Existing Manual Bus Ticketing		35
	System
	2.10.2 Analysis on the Existing Computerized Bus		36
	Ticketing System
	2.10.3 Comparison between Manual and Computerized		37
	Ticketing System
	2.10.4 Analysis of Existing Online Ticketing System		39
	2.10.4.1 Malaysia		39
	2.10.4.1.1	Plusliner Sdn Bhd	39
	2.10.4.1.2	Konsortium Bus Express	45
		Semenanjung
	2.10.4.1.3	The Ticketing.com	49
	2.10.4.1.4	Aeroline Malaysia	53
	2.10.4.1.5	Air Asia Sdn Bhd	56
	2.10.4.2 North America		62

	2.10.4.2.1	Greyhound Lines, Inc	62
	2.10.4.2.2	Tompkins Consolidated	66
		Area Transit
	2.10.4.3 Hungary		68
	2.10.4.3.1	Volanbusz.com	68
	2.10.4.4 India		71
	2.10.4.4.1 SPAN Group Company		71
2.11	Comparison Between Existing Bus e-ticketing Systems		75
2.12	Conclusion		79

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY			80
3.1	Introduction		80
3.2	Choice of Methodology		80
3.3	Research Methodology		84
	3.3.1	Fact Finding	85
		3.3.1.1 Observation	85
		3.3.1.2 Interview	85
		3.3.1.3 Questionnaire	86
	3.3.2	Prototype	86
3.4	Questionnaire Analysis and Result		86
	3.4.1 Public and bus operators’ perception towards		87
		Online Bus Ticketing System
3.5	Interview Questions and Results		98
	3.5.1 Interview with Plusliner Sdn. Bhd. and Eltabina		98
		Express Sdn. Bhd
3.6	Conclusion		103

CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM ANALYSIS			106
4.1	Introduction		106
4.2	Description of the Proposed System		106
4.3	Intended Users		108
4.4	Brief Overview of the Proposed System Functions		108
4.5	Functional requirement		109
	4.5.1	Administrators	110
		4.5.1.1 Bus Company Information	110
		4.5.1.2 Bus Information	111
		4.5.1.3 Member Account and Staff Profile	112
		4.5.1.4 Purchasing and Booking Cancellation	112
			113
		4.5.1.5 Report
		4.5.1.6 Authority	114
	4.5.2	Customers	115
		4.5.2.1 Main Page	115
		4.5.2.2 Registration	117
		4.5.2.3 Bus Schedule and Details	118
		4.5.2.4 Booking	118
		4.5.2.5 Payment	119
		4.5.2.6 Ticket	119
		4.5.2.7 Booking Cancellation	119
4.6	Bus Operator Ranking		120
4.7	Non- functional requirement		121

4.8 Conclusion 124

CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN AND			125
		IMPLEMENTATION
5.1	Introduction		125
5.2	System Functional Design		125
	5.2.1	Structure Design	125
		5.2.1.1 Structure Chart for Administrator Section	126
		5.2.1.1.1 Structure Chart for Authority	128
		Module
		5.2.1.2 Structure Chart for Customer Section	128
	5.2.2	Data Flow Diagram	130
		5.2.2.1 Data Flow Diagram 0	131
5.3	Database Design		132
	5.3.1	Data Dictionary	132
	5.3.2	Entity Relationship Model	137
5.4	Tools and Methodology used		138
	5.4.1	Software Package used	138
	5.4.2	Tools used	139
		5.4.2.1 Software Requirement	139
		5.4.2.2 Scripting Language	139
		5.4.2.3 Database Management	140
		5.4.2.4 Operating System	140
5.5	Hardware and Software Requirements		140
	5.5.1	Requirement for System Development	141
5.6	Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Factors		141

5.7	Goals of User Interface (Usability Factors)	142
5.8	Web Page Design Principles	143
5.9	System Implementation	144
	5.9.1 Guidelines on How Online Bus Ticketing System	145
	web portal can be implemented
5.10	Suggested Guidelines	146
5.11	Features and components of the Prototype	147
5.12	Interface Design	147
5.13	Source Codes	147
5.14	Conclusion	148

CHAPTER 6: SYSTEM TESTING			149
6.1	Introduction		149
6.2	Testing		149
	6.2.1	Unit Testing	150
	6.2.2	Integration Testing	152
	6.2.3	System Testing	152
	6.2.4	Acceptance Testing	155
		6.2.4.1 Analysis of Bus Operator Administrator	156
		Acceptance Testing
		6.2.4.2 Analysis of Customer Acceptance Testing	160
6.3	Conclusion		164

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION	165
7.1Introduction	165

7.2	Outcomes of the research	165
7.3	Limitations of the research	167
7.4	Future work of the research	167
7.5	Conclusion	169
REFERENCES		294

	LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1	Research Process	14
Figure 2.1	Puduraya Bus Terminal	31
Figure 2.2	Scenario of traffic congestion along Jalan Pudu	33
Figure 2.3	The number of seats available for specific route	40
Figure 2.4	The Availability of seats	40
Figure 2.5	The Schedule form	41
Figure 2.6	The Fare and Schedule form	41
Figure 2.7	Membership Registration form	42
Figure 2.8	Ticket Reservation and Purchasing form	42
Figure 2.9	Seat Map	43
Figure 2.10	Confirmation slip	44
Figure 2.11	New Member Registration	46
Figure 2.12	Ticket Purchase form	46
Figure 2.13	Confirmation Information	47
Figure 2.14	Counter Location Map	48
Figure 2.15	Search form	49
Figure 2.16	Bus Schedule	50
Figure 2.17	Trips Information	50
Figure 2.18	The Member Login section of Maybank2u.com	51
Figure 2.19	Login form to Print Tickets after Payment	52
Figure 2.20	Plan Trip form	54
Figure 2.21	Select Form	54
Figure 2.22	Confirmation form	55

Figure 2.23	Payment form	55
Figure 2.24	Air Asia Flight Search form	57
Figure 2.25	Flight information using the search function	58
Figure 2.26	The confirmation screen provided by airasia.com	59
Figure 2.27	The contact screen	60
Figure 2.28	The Purchase screen	61
Figure 2.29	Buy Tickets form	63
Figure 2.30	The Discount form	63
Figure 2.31	The Schedule form	64
Figure 2.32	The Fares form	64
Figure 2.33	The Purchase form	65
Figure 2.34	The “Plan A Trip” form	67
Figure 2.35	The online ticket booking form	69
Figure 2.36	Available dates traveling form	69
Figure 2.37	Conformation form	70
Figure 2.38	Conformation Ticket	70
Figure 2.39	Journey and date departure screen	72
Figure 2.40	The current status screen	72
Figure 2.41	The booking details and seat selection screen	73
Figure 2.42	Personal Information form	73
Figure 2.43	Final Conformation form	74
Figure 2.44	Payment details form	74
Figure 3.1	Waterfall model	81
Figure 3.2	Age Distribution of Respondents	88

Figure 3.3	Respondents who have conducted an Online	90
	Payment through Internet
Figure 3.4	Awareness of Existence of bus e-ticketing systems	91
Figure 3.5	Satisfaction of services provided in the existing	94
	Online Bus Ticketing Systems
Figure 3.6	Reasons for using services from 1 type of bus	95
	operator
Figure 3.7	Preferred Payment options for future Online Bus	95
	Ticketing System
Figure 5.1	Structure design of Online Bus Ticketing Main	126
	System
Figure 5.2	Structure chart for Online Bus Ticketing System	127
	Administrator Section
Figure 5.3	The Structure Chart for the Online Bus Ticketing	128
	Authority Module
Figure 5.4	The Structure Chart for the Online Bus Ticketing	129
	Customer Section
Figure 5.5	The Online Bus Ticketing System Context	130
	Diagram
Figure 5.6	Data Flow Diagram 0 for Online Bus Ticketing	131
	System
Figure 5.7	Entity Relationship Diagram for Online Bus	137
	Ticketing System
Figure 5.8	Framework for Online Bus Ticketing System web	146
	portal Implementation
Figure 6.1	Respondents who have rated the systems features	156
	and functionalities
Figure 6.2	Respondents who have rated the familiarity of the	157
	Online Bus Ticketing System web portal
Figure 6.3	Respondents who have rated the system	157
	helpfulness in their daily operations

Figure 6.4	Respondents who have rated for additional features	158
	and functions in the system
Figure 6.5	Respondents who have rated the Online Bus	159
	Ticketing web portal interface design
Figure 6.6	Respondents who have rated the Online Bus	159
	Ticketing web portal
Figure 6.7	Respondents who have rated the systems features	160
	and functionalities
Figure 6.8	Respondents who have rated the familiarity of the	161
	Online Bus Ticketing System
Figure 6.9	Respondents who have rated helpfulness in ticket	162
	purchasing
Figure 6.10	Respondents who have rated for additional features	162
	and functions in the system
Figure 6.11	Respondents who have rated the Online Bus	163
	Ticketing web portal interface design
Figure 6.12	Respondents who have rated the Online Bus	164
	Ticketing web portal

	LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1	Comparison summary between manual and	38
	computerized Ticketing System
Table 2.2	Summary of the features available between the	77
	existing online ticketing systems
Table 3.1	Respondents view on condition in Puduraya Bus	89
	Terminal
Table 3.2	Effectiveness of Online Bus Ticketing System	92
Table 6.1	Unit Testing for Administrator login module	150
Table 6.2	Unit Testing for the Administrator Ticket Booking	151
	module
Table 6.3	Integrated Testing for the Administrator Booking	153
	Ticket module
Table 6.4	Integrated Testing for the Administrator Ticket	153
	Cancellation module
Table 6.5	Integrated Testing for the Customer Booking	154
	Ticket module
Table 6.6	Integrated Testing for the Customer Ticket	155
	Cancellation module

	LIST OF APPENDICES
A:	List of Bus Operators and Taxi at Puduraya Bus Terminal	171
B:	Questionnaire Form	174
C:	Bus Schedule of Plusliner Sdn Bhd	195
	Reservation and Purchasing form of Eltabina Express	197
	Sdn Bhd
D:	System Evaluation Form	199
E:	Commercial Banks in Malaysia	203
F:	Interface Design (Administrator)	204
G:	Interface design (Authority)	227
H:	Interface Design (Customer)	230
I:	Source Codes (Administrator section)	253
J:	Source Codes (Authority section)	283
K:	Source Codes (Customer section)	385

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A STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE BUS TICKETING SYSTEM

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