ABSTRACT
The research work design and construction of an electronic dice display with audio unit (Ludo Game) was carried out to electrify and modernize the play of Ludo Game in the society. The device display the value of a ludo dice in numerical form and also produces sounds it displays the numbers. This paper presents a fun technique used in playing the game with actively intuitions. The method of data collection used we’re primary and secondary data collection. The proposed system was design using Structure System Design and Analysis methodology (SSDAM). The design tool’s include Algorithm, flowchart, input and output specifications. Two versions of the proposed algorithm, named standard LSB and Condition Based LSB respectively, are proposed and tested in this paper. The programming language used are; CSS and Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP). The design has contributed to the ICT of knowledge due to it’s reusability, flexibility, confidentiality, learnability, authenticity, speed and friendly.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Games are an important part of human life and are common to all cultures across the globe. Over the years, almost every type of game has been adapted into a digital format, starting with Pong, one of the first video games which was based on table tennis .Previous work has investigated player opinions of role-playing and card games (Joël b. et al 2019). However, there is little research investigating user opinions of traditional board games that have been transposed into digital formats. Existing studies have mostly focused on analysis of quantitative data (Janarthanan B et al 2019), with little attention to a qualitative analysis of players opinions. Moreover, these studies are concerned with desktop games, rather than Smartphone apps which now account for more than 50% of the current video games market (Selen Turkay2018). Since board games are a very broad category with many sub categories within them, it is not possible to do full justice to this entire domain in just one research article. Hence, we present a case study for a specific board game to gain insights into the usability of its mobile adaptations, some of which may possibly general is e to other board games. For this work, we focus on the game Ludo, a game derived from Pachisi, a traditional board game from India. Ludo is at woto four-player game consisting of elements common to many other board games such as to ken racing, dice-based movement and across-shaped board. It became popular particularly in the US throughout the 60 sand up until recently with the Parker Brothers board game ‘Parcheesi’. The game is wide spread in the Indians ub continent and has been said to act as a ‘social lubricant’ having the ability to promote interactions between diverse social groups(Alfred Collier. 2017).Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic and sub sequent lockdown, Ludo has seen a significant spike in popularity with 12 Ludo mobile apps being among the top 200 free games on the Indian PlayStore in March 2020 (Dilisha Patel et al 2018). Additionally, the most popular app, Ludo King was the 5th most downloaded mobile game worldwide in April 2020 (Craig Chapple. 2020).
Ludo, a traditional board game, requires the players to throw a dice by hand and move forward their tokens on the board by the number of squares indicated by the dice. The dice has six plain surfaces bearing one to six dots that determine the steps of forward movement. In this electronic ludo, the players need to press a push-to-on switch instead of throwing the six-surface dice. When the switch is pressed momentarily, the 7-segment digital counter displays a number immediately. As in the manual dice, the numbers are displayed randomly between ‘1’ and ‘6’ depending on the time for which the player presses switch S1. Instrumentation engineering has advanced widely with the introduction of medium scale integration (MIS), large scale Integration (LSI) and very large scale Integration (VLSI). For the purpose of accuracy and reliability analogue instruments are being replaced by the digital ones. The electronic dice display (EDD) with audio unit is among this now bread of instruments.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.
The design of an electronic dice display is invented because of the quest for t reducing strenuous activities encountered by man, especially on the area of its recreational activities. This device is used in ludo game. The ludo game on its manual operation, as manipulated by the experts so that it can no longer be a game of chance. Sometimes players can employ tricks on their opponents while playing the game, for example if both players are not vigilant, one of them can event thwart the dice and claimed that nothing happened. The players too may get tired after playing two or three times because of the stress in shaking and playing the dice, frequent hitting of the dice on the ludo board can even give cracks on the glass covering the ludo board. One can even experience the dice getting lost in the game because the dice is very small so if care is not taken, it can fall out from the board. All these problems were taken into consideration before constructing the electronic dice display.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the proposed system is to address the limitations of the current system. The requirements for the system have been gathered from the defects recorded in the past and also based on the feedback from users of previous tools. Following are the objectives of the proposed system:
- To create a device that will increase the fun derived from playing the game, even little kids can now join since they only need to press the buttons for the device to work.
- To create a game that will now be purely based on chance because all bias will be eradicated, no expert can manipulate the device no matter how many times you use it.
- To create a game where the normal phenomenon of playing tricks will be a thing of the past.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
As stated earlier, the design of this device is to help man conquer his environment. With the advent of medium scale integration (MSI), Integration circuit (IC) can be used to design devices that can help man perform his work effectively. With little or no stress and even sometimes at a cheaper rate. The device too will eradicate all the stress, tricks and pranks encountered when playing ludo game.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The work covered playing and displaying of number got. The device when switched ON and STAR button is pressed, a particular number will be shown and this is the number the player got. This means that the player still need to get a ludo board and the seeds for the game.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
The problems encountered during the course of carrying out this research work include
- Time constraint: the research work requires a lot of time for research and organization of data required for developing the system
- Lack of power supply: there was unstable electric power supply to enable consistent development of the system and in carrying out research online.
- Unavailability of materials: lack of access to research materials on the topic was also a major constraint in the cause of this project.
- Fund: there was limited fund to take care of the research property and training resources for fish farming.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
AND GATE: It is a circuit which gives a high outputs (ie logic 1 = high and logic O = low) an AND gate is represented by a dot to indicate it is a multiplication.
CAPACITORS: It provides a means of storing electrical energy in form of an electric field.
COUNTER: A circuit, which gives output pulse for every two inputs pulses. If the input pulses are irregular the circuit is regarded as counter. Counters usually come as integrated circuit.
Decoder/driver:
A decoder can be the reverse of an encoder circuit, there are a variety of decoders designed for specific purpose. In this case it is used as a code converter where it is required to convert from binary coded decimal (BCD) to decimal.
Diode: Diode are two terminal devices which exhibit low resistance to current flow in the other.
FLIP FLOP: It is a continual logic that can be able to hold one bit at a time.
LATCH: A latch is a combination of flip flops, in the particular (IC 7474) latch, it has a combination of 4 positive edge triggered flip flops. It changes state on receipt of an input signal but a way that it does not change state.
MULTIVIBRATOR (ASTABLE): They are flip flops that has no stable state. It is called a stable or free running multi vibrator. These type of logic circuit switches back and forth (oscillates) between unstable states. Useful for providing clock signals for asynchronous digital circuits.
RESISTORS: Resistors provide us with a means of controlling voltage in a circuit electronic circuit.
SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY: This is a method of displaying the numerals from 0 – 9 by illuminating 2 or more elements out of the seven arranged in a form. If all the elements 1,2,7,5 and 4 are illuminated a 5 is displayed. Seven segment display is extensively used in electronic equipment e.g recorders, calculators and digital watches.
TIMER: Timers are used to generate continuous waves or pulse frequency which is usually used for linear applications such as low level amplification, for switching applications, high frequency application and can also be designed to handle high voltage.
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