CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Of The Study
Adaptive learning is an educational method which uses computer algorithm to orchestrate the interaction with the learner and deliver customized resources and learning activities to address the unique needs of each learner. Adaptive learning system (often called adaptive environment) aim at supporting learning in acquiring knowledge domain . the goal is to enhance the individual learning process with respect to speed, accuracy, quality and quantity of learning.
In this section we give an overview of the need of accessibility for people with visually impairment. We focus on web accessibility and assistive technologies which offer new designs and tools satisfying the requirements of people who are visually impaired. Technological progress has had a tremendous impact on our lives. Yet, technologies are still inefficient to use by people with disabilities, especially the visually impaired. The Internet in particular and associated business models and applications, are having a significant impact on many aspects of people’s private, social, and professional lives (Amit & Zott, 2019; Webster, 2016). Addressing the impact of web technologies on blind and visually impaired users creates opportunity for research to explore a different set of questions regarding not just the impact and importance of information systems (IS) in the lives and routines of this special user group, but also the role this population can play in specifying better technologies and systems that suit their needs. Recent research on IS and users with visually impairment, although still very rare, has focused predominantly on questions of accessibility (Federici et al., 2018; Jaeger, 2019; 2018; Keller et al., 2019; Loiacono & McCoy, 2019; Saqr & Bhattacherjee, 2016). A few authors further investigated issues related to the needs and requirements for visually impaired determination from a medical perspective (Feldman et al., 2016), the digital disability divide and social inclusion (Vicente & López, 2017; Watling, 2016), stigma associations and disguise in online environments (Jaeger et al., 2016), and identification with virtual avatars (Stendal et al., 2016).
The majority of research concerns web-accessibility with a focus on the inclusive features of certain applications or potential improvements (Feldman et al., 2016; Loiacono & McCoy, 2019). The perspective of the psychological motives for using these systems and on how improvements are perceived remain largely unexplored in the IS domain. In other words, prior research has focused on how IS impacts people with disabilities rather than on how people with disabilities perceive or use IS. To understand this special need population, this dissertation draws on disability
literature, IS use pattern and user adaptation literature, and ecological rationality framework to employ an interdisciplinary approach that proposes a model to explore and identify the needs, challenges, motivations, and pattern behaviors from the perspective of the blind and visually impaired (BVI) users when using websites. We also put forth design recommendations for each web environment to help web designers become better informed of the real needs and strategized of this population. Thus, we have the following research questions:
The world report on visually impairment affirms that over one billion people in the world live with some disabilities and there are about 150 million school aged children with visually impairment. Many of these children are excluded from educational opportunities.
Introducing enhanced adaptive learning systems for the people with visually impairment will give to able people the ability to interact more friendly and freely with their computer and enable people with disabilities to interact more freely with their computing devices in a way they have never had the chance to do.
Learning analytics plays an important role in proving helpful suggestions to policy-makers, Instructors or learners by analyzing learning logs or educational data.
In recent years, learning analytics has become an important issue in education. In particular, in the field of technology-enhanced learning. Many researchers have emphasized the need to record and analyze what happens during the learning process.
Adaptive learning or intelligent tutoring has its origin in the artificial intelligence movement and began gaining popularity in the 1970s The primary reason focusing on blind and visually impaired users is that the majority of technologies are designed with the sighted individual in mind. Thus, people without sight struggle the most when interacting with technological interfaces (Panchanathan et al, 2016). Introducing enhanced adaptive learning system for visually impairment people, helps them to interact more friendly and freely with their computer in a way they have never had the chance to do.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
Since the conception and birth of modern computers, reducing human stress at solving tasks and making all available resources reachable and accessible to everyone regardless of the race, status, age and so on are what computer scientists have always wanted. These are what software developers have always dreamed of, but these dreams have not been fully achieved as:
- Most programs software developers write nowadays focus only on improving usability and productivity for only people without disabilities, instead of extending them to people with disabilities (visually impaired)
- The visually impaired people find it difficult to control its operations and interact effectively
- Difficulty in identifying students learning status or problems for delivering adaptive learning behaviors or interactive content.
1.3 Aim And Objectives
The aim of this project is to develop an adaptive learning process that will eradicate the problems described in the statement of problem above thereby making computer resources available and accessible to everyone regardless of their age, group, race, status or level of visually impaired.
The objectives of this project are: –
- Identifying students learning status or problems for delivering adaptive learning by analyzing their learning behaviors or interactive content and providing personalized learning contents, user interfaces or practices.
- To build a web browser in which users can navigate web pages using speech commands
- Providing evidence to explain students learning performance in educational settings by analyzing the learning behavioral patterns of different groups of students.
1.4 Significance Of The Project
Developments and researchers have been on-going for decades on how to make computer conveniently usable for all but unfortunately, only a sizable number of progress have been attained. One of the major drawbacks of the systems designed over these years is improper implementation.
This project is therefore intended to build a better one than the already existing ones, correct the previously mentioned limitations of Microsoft’s own implementation and also show Microsoft. Students and developers suggested way of implementing this kind of system.
1.5 Scope Of The Study
This research works is intended to be used by educational institution by students with disabilities (visually impaired). It is hope that the result produced by these design will prove useful service to both the lecturers and users.
1.6 Limitations Of The Study
There are Limitations which researcher encounter while carrying out this project work. They include
- Time factor: Owing the limited time available for the research required on gathering the write-up where only rounded off. Through the effect of this could be negligible, the impact of time constraints cannot be under emphasized.
inadequate of application both within and outside the learning environment
- Lack of Finance: As student, it was difficult to provide finance needed for this research at hand contributed a heavy problem to this research work
- Inadequate of application both within and outside the learning environment
- The epileptic nature of power supply in the country. After we have gathered the little material. Information for this work, they are shortage of power supply to organized this work.
1.7 Definition Of Terms
- Media player: – This refers to software that plays digital media for all audio or video files.
- Web browser: – Is a software application for accessing information on this world wide web.
- Visual impairment is the term used to describe a loss of sight that cannot be corrected using glasses or contact lenses
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