ABSTRACT
This project has been design and fabricated with special economical needs for small scale baking industries, wholesalers and distributors who import this type of baking oven from outside the country to supply the customers. And in view of the scarcity and high cost of gas and electricity in the country and also smoke release when using firewood for drying and preserving fresh fish by some mothers at home, restaurant, fast food shop etc, the pressurized kerosene oven have been fabricated to reduce the cost and amount of smoke emitted and the quality of bake food in the society. It is helpfully used where there are no source of electricity and scarcity of gas. The project write up made up of six different chapters, chapter one contain the introduction of the oven, chapter two to six, discusses the literature review, material selection, sequence of operation, testing evaluation, cost analysis and conclusion and recommendation respectively.
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE I
TITLE PAGE II
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL III
SIGNATURE PAGE IV
RELEASE PAGE V
APPROVAL PAGE VI
DEDICATION VII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT VIII
ABSTRACT IX
TABLE OF CONTENT X
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim and objective 3
1.2 Specification of problem 4
1.3 Scopes and limitation of problem 4
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.0 Literature review 6
2.1 Condition for using the kerosene oven 7
2.2 Characteristic 8
2.3 Performance 9
2.4 Appearance 9
2.5 Reliability and life 9
2.6 Types of oven 10
2.7 Mode of heat transfer on the oven 14 CHAPTER THREE 19
3.0 Material selection 19
3.1 Factors influencing the material selected 20
3.2 Materials used reason for choosing 22
3.3 Fabrication analysis 24
3.4 Major parts of the oven 24
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Sequence of operation 27
4.1 Method of assemble and procedures 37
4.2 Operation of the burning chamber 30
4.3 Procedure to light up the oven 40
4.4 Maintenance of the oven 40
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Testing and evaluation 42
5.1 Efficiency 42
5.2 Capacity of the cylinder 42
5.3 Size of the oven 43
5.4 Detection of the kerosene/ air shortage 43
5.5 Quenching of the oven 43
5.6 Design/sample calculation 44
5.7 Size of the oven 46
5.8 Diagram of the oven 47
5.9 Cost estimation 48
5.10 Material cost analysis 40
5.11 Machine cost analysis 51
5.12 Labour cost analysis 51
5.13 Write up typing and binding cost analysis 53
5.14 Miscellaneous expenses 53
5.15 Total cost of the project analysis 54
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Conclusion 55
6.1 Recommendation 57
6.2 References 58
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
An oven is a thermally insulated chamber use for the heating, baking or dry of a substance.
The earliest oven were found in Central Europe and dated to 29,000 BC, it was used as roasting and boiling pits located within yurt structures, they were used to cook mammoth.
In Ukraine from 20,000 BC they used pit with hot covered in ashes, the food was wrapped in leave and set on top then covered with earth.
Ovens have been used since prehistoric time by cultures that lived in the Indus valley and predynastic Egypt, settlements across the Indus valley had on oven within each mud-brick house.
Hence, before the intervention of modern baking oven, people have alternative means of cooking and baking but the alternative they have chosen led to loss of live and properties. The difference types of baking oven are Earth oven, ceramics oven, Gas oven, masonry oven and kerosene pressurized oven.
In science and Engineering laboratories, it is inform of a small finance which is used in the renewal of moisture from some Engineering material in order to improve their physical properties such as ductility and hardness. It can also be used for the purpose of heat treatment of engineering materials such as steel and its alloy.
The design & fabrication of pressurized kerosene oven is conceptualized from heater, stove and kerosene lamp which was modified to improve the system/
It operates using the principle of fluid dynamics, which is capable to supply heat energy at high and low temperature. It is operated using a double or single point burner.
The introduction of tis kerosene pressurized oven in the 18th central was able to establish the power of the oven to 199922kw which has undergone series of modification till date.
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE
A kerosene pressurized oven has several advantages over other baking oven.
- It is easy to install, more so relatively damp, portable and has a very easy mode of operation.
- The kerosene pressurized oven can also be used under–elevated temperature and also low temperature.
- It burns with a pure blue flame thereby reducing formation of carbon.
- It is safer to operate and use, thereby reducing the risk of fire outburst/outbreak unlike gas oven or burners.
- The source of energy to the oven which is kerosene and air are comparatively low in cost.
- The production of this baking appliance is cost effective this has improved the local industries/factories and has reduced the importation of foreign types of baking appliances.
- The local kerosene pressurized oven is operational effective this it attain a very high temperature for the convenience of baking.
- SPECIFICATION OF PROBLEM
The need for heat energy which can be utilized, effectively for drying, boiling, cooking and baking or even roasting a substance with less side effect on the user and the material/substances involved, and at a reduced cost.
Also the high cost of gas, electrical energy and the risk associated in using them.
And a quest for cleaner, cheaper and easier means of baking, drying substance has led to the design and fabrication of the kerosene pressurized oven.
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF PROBLEM
The fabrication of the kerosene pressurized oven is aimed to provide the special economical needs for the small scale baking industries, wholesalers and distributors who import this type of oven from outside the country to supply to their customer.
It is helpfully used where there are no electricity or scarcity gas and to those that cannot afford gas oven.
It can be used in baking all choices of baking’s, it burns with a pure blue flame and thereby reduces the formation of carbon.
It is cleaner in operation, affordable, easier and safer to use and also operate efficiently.
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